bobagineJe. ri r o 



OllDER LI. BORAGIN'EiE. 



Herbs, rarely slirubs, usually hispid scabrid or pilose. Stems terete. 

 Leaves alternate, quite entire or sinuate; nerves usually strong, very pro- 

 minent beneath ; exstipulate. Flowers regular or irregular, bracteate or 

 not, in simple forked spiked or racemed often scorpioid cymes, rarely axil- 

 lary. Calyx persistent, 5-lobed or -partite, valvate in bud. Corolla hy- 

 pogynous, rotate tubular campanulate or salver-shaped ; throat often 

 closed by hairs or hollow folds opposite the 5 lobes, imbricate in bud. 

 Stamens 5, inserted on the corolla-tube or throat, filaments usually short ; 

 anthers 2-celled, often subulate. Disk 0, or confluent with a tumid recep- 

 tacle. Ovary of 2 2-lobed 2-celled carpels connate at the very base ; style 

 simple, arising from the base of the carpels, stigma simple or 2-fid ; ovules 

 solitary in each cell, suspended, anatropous or ^-anatropous. Fruit of 4 

 indehiscent 1 -seeded nutlets, inserted on the receptacle, which is conti- 

 nuous with the base of the style. Seed straight or curved ; hilum basal or 

 ventral, often concave with thickened margins, testa membranous, albu- 

 men or scanty and fleshy ; embryo straight or curved, cotyledons folia- 

 ceous, radicle superior. — Distrib. All climates, abundant in S. Europe 

 and E. Asia ; genera 68 ; species 1,200. — Affinities. With Verbenacece, 

 Labiatce, and Convolvulaceaz. — Properties. Mucilaginous and emollient ; 

 often abounding in alkalies. Eoots yield purple or brown dyes. — The 

 above character does not include the tropical sub-order Heliotropece, chiefly 

 distinguished by the obscurely lobed ovary. 



Tribe T. ECHIE'iE, Corolla irregular; throat usually naked. Nutlets in- 

 serted by flat bases on the flat receptacle. Stamens exserted...l. Echium. 



Tribe II. ANCHU'SE/E. Corolla regular ; throat closed with scales. Nut- 

 lets inserted by broad cup-shaped bases on the flat receptacle. 



Corolla rotate. Anthers exserted, conniving in a cone 1*. Borayo. 



Corolla tubular, 5-toothed. Anthers included 2. Symphytum. 



Corolla salver-shaped. Anthers included 3. Anchusa. 



Tribe III. LITHOSPER ME/E. Corolla regular ; throat naked or closed 

 by scales. Nutlets inserted by small flat bases to the flat receptacle. 



Calyx-tube 0. Stamens included. Nutlets stony 4. Lithospermum. 



Calyx-tube short. Stamens protruding. Nutlets fleshy 5. Mertensia. 



Calyx-tube long, funnel-shaped. Stamens included. Nutlets smooth. 



6. Pulmonaria. 

 Calyx-tube long. Corolla salver-shaped. Nutlets smooth 7. Myosotis. 



Tribe IV. CYNOGLOS'SEiE. Corolla regular; throat naked or closed 

 with scales. Nutlets inserted by broad ventral surfaces on an elevated 

 receptacle. 



Calyx-lobes leafy. Nutlets granulate 7*. Asperuyo. 



Calyx-lobes not leafy. Nutlets with hooked bristles 8. Oynoglossum 



