Cynoglossum.] BORAGINEJE. 283 



8. CYNOGLOS'SUM, Tournef. Hound's-tongue. 



Coarse hispid villous or silky biennials. Flowers small, blue purple or 

 white, in forked cymes, usually ebracteate. Calyx 5-partite. Corolla 

 funnel-shaped, mouth closed by prominent scales ; lobes obtuse. Stamens 

 included. Style rigid, persistent, stigma entire or notched. Nutlets 4, 

 depressed or convex, covered with hooked or barbed bristles, peltately 

 attached to a thickened conical receptacle. — Distrib. Temp, and trop. 

 regions, especially Asiatic ; species about 60. — Etym. kiW and yXoHaaa, 

 dog's tongue, from the texture of the leaf surface. 



1. C. officinale, L. ; hoary with soft rather appressed hairs, nutlets 

 with a thickened border. 



Fields and waste places, not common, E. Scotland, from Forfar to Kent and 

 Cornwall ; S.E. Ireland, rare ; Channel Islands ; fl. June-July. — Root fleshy, 

 tapering. Stem 1-2 ft., stout, erect, branched, leafy. Leaves radical, 8-10 

 in., long-pet ioled, oblong or oblong-lanceolate ; cauline sessile, linear-oblong 

 or lanceolate, obtuse, base rounded or cordate. Cymes lengthening to 6-10 

 in. ; pedicels recurved, stout, lower often bracteate. Sepals oblong, obtuse, 

 enlarged to \ in. in fruit. Corolla \ in. diam., dull red-purple. Nutlets % 

 in., face flat ovate with short hooked spines ; border thickened. — Distrib. 

 Europe, N. Africa, N. and W. Asia ; introd. in U. States.— Narcotic and 

 astringent ; smells like mice. 



2. C. monta'num, Lamk. ; scabrid with short spreading hairs, nutlets 

 without a thickened border. C. sylvat'icum, Haenke. 



Copses and waste places in Mid. and E. England, rare, from Salop and Norfolk 

 to Kent and Surrey ; Dublin ; fl. May-July. — Habit, &c, of C. ojjicina'le, 

 but greener, more slender, with linear sepals § in. long in fruit, bluer 

 corollas, and the marginal spines of the nuts largest. — Distrib. From 

 France and Germany southd. (excl. Greece). 



Order LII. convolvula'ceje. 



Herbs or shrubs, usually twining (rarely trees) ; juice often milky. 

 Leaves alternate, in Cuscuta, exstipulate. Flowers in axillary or ter- 

 minal racemes, cymes, or heads, rarely solitary, often large, of all colours. 

 Sepals 5, persistent. Corolla hypogynous, regular, tubular bell- or funnel- 

 shaped ; limb 5-lobed or -angled, plaited induplicate or imbricate in bud. 

 Stamens 5, inserted on the corolla-tube, filaments often unequal and 

 dilated at the base ; anthers sagittate, basifixed, often twisted after 

 flowering. Ovary 2-4- (rarely 1-) celled ; style slender, 2-4-fid, stigmas 

 capitate linear or lamellar ; ovules 1 or 2 in each cell, erect from its base, 

 4 in the 1-celled ovaries. Capsule 1-4-celled, 2-4-valved, or bursting 

 transversely at the base. Seeds basal, erect ; testa coriaceous or mem- 

 branous, often villous, albumen scanty mucilaginous (fleshy in Cuscuta) ; 

 embryo curved, cotyledons broad thin folded, radicle short (embryo spiral 



