362 URTICACEJE. [Ulmus. 



U. monta'na, Sm. ; seed in the centre of the oblong or suborbicular 

 samara. U. campes'tris, L. herb. ; U. ma'jor, Sm. Scotch, Wych, or 

 Mountain Elm. 



Woods, N. to Sutherland, indigenous and naturalized ; Ireland ; Channel 

 Islands ; ascends to 1,300 ft. in Yorkshire ; fl. March-April. — A large tree, 

 80-120 ft., trunk attaining 50 ft. in girth ; branches long, spreading, bark 

 corky or not ; twigs pubescent. Root sending up suckers, chiefly when cut. 

 Leaves 3-6 in., often 3 in. diam., ovate-oblong, cuspidate, doubly and trebly 

 serrate, base unequally rounded or cordate. Perianth £ in., ciliate, lobes 

 obtuse. Stamens 4-6 ; anthers purple. Samara f-1 J in., very variable in 

 breadth and the depth of the notch. — Distrib. Europe, Siberia. 



U. campes'tris, Sm. ; seed above the centre of the obovate or oblong 



samara. U. carpinifo'lia, Lindl. Common Elm. 



Woods and hedgerows, rarer in Scotland ; ascends to 1,500 ft. in Derby ; Ire- 

 land ; Channel Islands ; a denizen, never seeding ; fl. March-May. — A very 

 large tree, 125 ft., trunk attaining 20 ft. in girth ; bark rugged. Root sending 

 up abundant suckers. Branches spreading (suberect in U. stric'ta, Lindl.) ; 

 twigs often corky. Leaves smaller than in U. monta'na, 2-3 in., less cuspi- 

 date, often narrow at the base (scabrid above and pubescent beneath in 

 U. subero'sa, Ehrh., nearly glabrous in U. gla'bra, Mill.). Perianth smaller. 

 Stamens often 4. Samara §-| in., usually obovate.- — Distrib. Mid. and 

 S. Europe, N. Africa, Siberia. — Many vars. of this and the preceding are 

 dascribed, differing in habit and foliage, but they offer no constant 

 characters. 



2. URTI'CA, Tournef. Nettle. 



Herbs, rarely shrubs, with stinging hairs and tenacious inner bark. 

 Leaves opposite : stipules 2 on each side. Flowers mon- di-cecious in 

 bracteate clusters, ebracteolate ; pedicel of male jointed. Perianth 

 4 -partite ; segments imbricate in bud, persistent, of male concave, of 

 female flat unequal. Stamens 4 ; anthers reniform. Stigma subsessile, 

 penicillate. Fruit minute, compressed. — Distrib. Temp, and trop. 

 regions ; species 30. — Etym. uro, from the burning pain of its stings. 



1. U. u'rens, L. ; annual, glabrous except for the stinging hairs, leaves 

 ovate-oblong coarsely serrate, panicles 2-sexual. 



Fields and waste places, N. to Shetland ; ascends to 1,600 ft. in Northumbd. ; 

 Ireland ; Channel Islands ; fl. June-Sept. — Stem 1-2 ft., erect, branched. 

 Leaves 1-2 in., petioled, teeth few, terminal oblong. Spikes \-\ in., 

 in pairs. Flowers few in a cluster; pedicels long or short. — Distrib. 

 Europe (Arctic), N. Africa, N. and W. Asia, Himalaya ; introd. in N. 

 America, &c. 



2. U. dioi'ca, L. ; perennial, pubescent, leaves ovate-cordate or lanceo- 

 late, deeply serrate, panicles usually 1 -sexual. 



Hedgebanks, &c, N. to Shetland ; ascends to 2,500 ft. in the Highlands ; fl. 

 June-Sept. — Rootstock creeping, stoloniferous. Stem 2-4 ft., simple or 

 branched. Leaves 2,-A in., petiole long or short, nerves impressed; stipules 



