378 SAL1CINEJE. [Saltx. 



most so benaath, black in drying. Catkins §-l§ in., opposite or alternate, 

 erect, then spreading or recurved, cylindric ; scales purple-black above, 

 hairy or woolly; filaments hairy at the base; anthers red, then black. 

 Capsule broadly ovoid, obtuse ; stigmas entire or cleft.— Distrib. Europe, 

 N. Africa, N. and W. Asia, India ; introd. in N. America. — Bark very bitter ; 

 used for basket-making, but not so commonly as S. vimina' lis.— The best- 

 marked British varieties-are : — S. Woolyaria'na, Borr., and ramulo'sa, Borr. ; 

 erect, branches yellowish, stigmas notched. S. Lambertia'na, Sm. ; erect, 

 leaves broader above, branches purplish glaucous, stigmas subsessile short 

 thick. 



»S'. ru'bra, Huds., a common osier-bed shrub, or tree 10 ft., is a hybrid with 

 viminalis ; the leaves are silky beneath, filaments usually more or less free, 

 and style longer ; it is very variable, and includes : — S. ru'bra proper ; fila- 

 ments connate at the base only ; S. Forbya'na, Sm. ; filaments united to the 

 top ; S. Hel'ix, L. ; leaves often subopposite filaments united to the top 

 (bears fascicles of diseased leaves, owing to the puncture of a Oynips, hence 

 called Rose Willow). 



S. Donia'na, Sm., a native of dry places in Mid. and S. Germany, is interme- 

 diate between re' pens and purpu'rea (Andersson), was stated by G. Don. to 

 be a native of Forfarshire, no doubt erroneously ; it may be known from 

 purpurea by its yellow anthers, pedicelled capsule, and filaments more or 

 less connate at the base only. 



S. Pontedera'na^ Schleich., gathered by the Rev. J. E. Leefe near Rothbury, 

 Northumbd., is probably a hybrid with cine'rea (Baker). 



ORDEft LXXIII. CERATOPHYL LEJE. 



A submerged, branched, slender, fragile herb ; stems cylindric. Leaves 

 whorled, sessile, exstipulate, 2-chotomously cut into linear- toothed lobes. 

 Flowers solitary, axillary, minute, monoecious, enclosed in an 8-12-partite 

 persistent involucre with subulate lobes. Perianth 0. — Male. Anthers 

 many, crowded, sessile, oblong ; cells linear, sunk in a fleshy 2-cuspidate 

 connective, bursting irregularly. — Female. Ovary oblong, 1-celled ; 

 style terminal, subulate, persistent, stigma unilateral papillose ; ovule 1, 

 pendulous from the top of the cell, orthotropous. Fruit coriaceous, in- 

 dehiscent, base tubercled winged or spurred. Seed pendulous, testa 

 membranous, hilum thickened, albumen ; cotyledons 2-fid ovoid thick, 

 plumule large many-leaved, radicle very short. — Distrib. Europe, Asia, 

 Africa, N. America (Arctic). — Affinities doubtful. — Properties un- 

 known. — Etym. Kepas and <f>v\\ov, from the horn-like leaf -lobes. 



1. CERATOPHYL'LUM, L. HORNWORT. 

 C. demer'sum, L. ; leaves remotely serrate. 

 Tonds and ditches from Forfar southd. ; E. Scotland only ; rare in Ireland ; 

 Channel Islands ; fl. July-Sept.— Stems 8 in.-3 ft., densely leafy. Leans 1 in., 

 segments spreading, subulate, dark green. Flowers found in shallow water 



