414 JUNCE^J. [Juncus. 



only, filaments flattened ; anthers basifixed, usually linear, bursting 

 inwards. Ovary free, 1-3-celled ; style short or 0, stigmas 3 filiform 

 papillose all over ; ovules 3, basilar, or many on 3 parietal or axile 

 placentas, erect, anatropous. Capsule 1-3-celled, loculicidally 3-valved, 

 3-many-seeded. Seeds erect, testa membranous often lax, albumen dense ; 

 embryo next the hilum, small. — Distrib. Chiefly temp, and Arctic ; 

 genera 4-5 ; species about 130. — Affinities. With Liliaeece. — Proper- 

 ties unimportant. 



Glabrous. Ovules many, parietal or axile 1. Juncus. 



More or less pilose. Ovules 3, basal 2. Luzula. 



1. JUN'CUS, L. Rush. 



Glabrous herbs. Outer perianth-segments keeled or midrib thickened. 

 Flowers proterogynous, anemophilous. Stamens 6, rarely 3. Ovary 3- 

 rarely 1 -celled ; ovules many, placentas axile, rarely parietal. Capsule 

 completely or incompletely 3-celled. Seeds many ; embryo minute. — 

 Distrib. Of the Order; species 100.— Etym. jungo, from their use in 

 tying. 



Section 1. Rootstock perennial, usually creeping. Stems rarely septate 

 within, terete, rarely compressed. Leaves solid, not septate within. 



* Leaves all reduced to sheaths. Cymes wholly lateral, many-fd. ; Jlowers not 

 or rarely clustered. Testa not produced at either end. 



1. J. effu'sus, L. ; stems soft, pith continuous, perianth-segments 

 lanceolate exceeding the obovoid retuse capsule, stamens 3. J. communis, 

 Meyer. 



Moist places, N. to Shetland ; ascends to 2,400 ft. in the Highlands ; Ireland ; 

 Channel Islands ; fl. July-Aug. — Tufts circular, densely matted. Stems 

 1-3 ft., sometimes J in. diam., green, very finely striate. Cymes very 

 compound, variable in form and size. Perianth r V-§in. Stamens rarely 6. 

 Seeds minute, yellow-brown. — Distrib. Europe, N. Africa, temp. Asia and 

 America, N. Zealand. 



J. effu'sus proper; cymes usually lax effuse, perianth olive-green, anthers 

 oblong, capsule not mucronate. — Yar. J. conglomera'tus, L. ; cymes usually 

 dense subglobose, perianth tinged with brown, anthers longer linear, capsule 

 mucronate. 



2. J. glau'cus, Ehrh. ; stems rigid glaucous striate, pith interrupted, 

 perianth-segments narrow-lanceolate about equalling the ovoid mucronate 

 capsule, stamens 6. 



Wet, usually stiff soils, from Aberdeen and the Clyde southd. ; ascends to 

 1,200 ft. in N.England; Ireland; Channel Islands; fl. July-Aug.— Habit 

 of J. commu'nis, but not so tall, and stems deeply grooved. Cymes effuse, 

 suberect. Perianth brown. — Distrib. Europe, N. Africa, Siberia. 



J. diffu'sus, Hoppe (a hybrid between glau'cus and effu'sus) ; stems softer less 

 glaucous and striate, pith continuous, cyme elongate, capsule more obovoid. 

 seeds imperfect. 



