Eriocaulon.] ERLOCAULONE^E. 421 



farthest from the hilura. — Distrib. Chiefly trop. ; genera 6 ; species 

 325. — Affinities. With Restiacece and Xyridece. — Properties unim- 

 portant. 



1. ERIOCAULON, L. Pipe-WORT. 



Male fl. chiefly in the centre of the head. Outer perianth-segments sub- 

 spa thulate. Stamens 4 or 6. —Distrib. Of the Order; species 100.— 

 Etym. ipiov and icavAos, from the woolly scapes of some species. 



E. septangula're, With. ; leaves subulate, scape 6-8-furrowed. 

 Lakes in Skye and W. Ireland ; fl. Aug.—Rootstock creeping ; roots white 

 cellular. Stem very short, leafy. Leaves 2-4 in., compressed laterally, 

 green, translucent, septate. Scape 6-24 in., rarely more, twisted. Head 

 J-J in. diam. ; bracts lead-coloured, oblong-obovate, obtuse. Floxoers 

 2-inerous ; outer segments dark, bearded at the tip, inner ciliate with a 

 black spot towards the tip. Anthers dark. Ovary stalked. — Distrib. N. 

 America. 



Order LXXXIII. TYPHA'CEffi. 



Marsh or aquatic herbs. Rootstock creeping. Leaves narrow, linear, 

 obtuse, bases sheathing. Spathc or caducous. Flowers monoecious, in 

 cylindric oblong or globose spikes or heads, the male heads uppermost. 

 Perianth of persistent membranous scales or hairs. — Male. Stamens 

 few or many, filaments slender ; anthers basifixed, 2-celled, dehiscence 

 lateral. — Female. Ovary sessile or stalked, 1- rarely 2-celled, contracted 

 into a simple persistent style, stigmatose ventrally ; ovule 1, pendulous 

 from the top of the cell, anatropous. Fruit small, coriaceous, or a drupe. 

 Seed pendulous, albumen fleshy or mealy ; embryo straight, terete, radicle 

 next the hilum. — Distrib. Temp, and trop. ; genera 2 ; species about 

 16. — Affinities. "With Aroidece and Pandanece (screw-pines), of which 

 Sparganium is almost a member. — Properties. The roots of Typha 

 are farinaceous ; and the pollen is made into cakes in Sind and New 

 Zealand. 



Flowers in globose heads 1. Sparganium. 



Flowers in cylindric or oblong spikes 2. Typha. 



1. SPARGA'NIUM, /. BUR-REED. 



Heads globose, subtended by leafy bracts. Perianth of 3-6 spathulate 

 membranous scales. Stamens 2-3, connective hardty produced at the tip. 

 Ovary 1- rarely 2-celled. Drupe angled, small, 1-2-celled. — Distrib. 

 Temp, and trop. ; species about 6. — Etym. (nrdpyavov, a band, from the 

 form of the leaf. 



