444 CYPERACE^E. [Scirpus. 



10. S. csespito'sus, L. ; rootstock and leaves very short, 2 lowest 

 glumes fertile equalling or exceeding the spike mucronate or awned, 

 bristles 4-6 smooth, obovoid 3-quetrous acuminate. Eleocharis, Link. 

 Heaths and moors, N. to Shetland ; ascends to 3,500 ft. ; Ireland ; fl. June- 

 July. — Stolons 0. Stems 6-12 in., very densely tufted, wiry, grooved. 

 Sheaths, lower split, large, stout, rigid, shining ; upper slender, with an erect 

 short subulate blade. Spikelets \-% in., erect, chestnut-brown, shining. 

 Glumes few, rigid, lowest flowering with usually a long green point. 

 Anthers long, exserted, mucronate. Stigmas 3, very long. Nut brown. — 

 Distrib. N. and Mid. Europe (Arctic), Siberia, N. America. 



11. S. pauciflo'rus, Light/. ; rootstock creeping, stolons long, upper 

 sheaths truncate, lowest glume fertile obtuse not equalling the spikelet, 

 bristles 3-6 barbed, nut obovoid 3-gonous. Eleocharis, Link. 

 Moorlands, N. to Caithness ; ascends to 2,100 ft. in Yorkshire ; Ireland ; 



Channel Islands; fl. July- Aug. — Similar to S. ccespito'sus, but* leafless, 

 smaller; lowest glume obtuse, with the rib not produced to the top; and 

 anthers not apiculate. Nut pale, minutely striate ; beak slightly contracted 

 at the base, representing the tumid top of the nut of Heleo'charis. — Distrib. 

 Europe (Arctic) (excl. Greece, Turkey), N. and W. Asia, N. America. 



12. S. par'vulus, R. and S. ; minute, rootstock creeping, sheaths 

 hyaline, leaves setaceous, spikelet minute, glumes pale lowest flowerless 

 obtuse not exceeding the spikelet, bristles 4-8 barbed, fruit obovoid 

 3-gonous. Eleocharis, Hook. 



Sandy seashores, Devon, Dorset, Hants, "Wicklow ; fl. July. — Rootstock 

 elongate, capillary, with distant tufts of a few soft stems and leaves, and 

 small tubers. Stems 1-2 in., grooved ; sheath very inconspicuous, owing to 

 its extreme tenuity. Leaves like the stem, slightly dilated at the base, 

 recurved, subulate, channelled. Spikelets T ' s in., pale. Glumes membranous, 

 obtuse. Nut pale. — Distrib. From Norway southd. (excl. Spain, Greece, 

 Turkey). 



Section 4. Spikelets small, in a terminal erect bracteate distichous 

 spike ; glumes few. Bristles 3-6. (Blys^mus, Panz.) 



13. S. Cari'cis, Rctz ; leaves flat, edges rough, lower glume ribbed 

 much shorter than the spikelet. S. carici'nus, Schrad. ; S. planifo'lius, 

 Hull ; Blys'mus compres'sus, Panz. 



"Wet pastures and marshes, from the Forth and Clyde to Somerset and Kent ; 

 ascends to 1,500 ft. in Northumbd. ; fl. June-July. Rootstock elongate. 

 Stems 4-10 in., solitary, sheathed at the base. Leaves shorter than the stem, 

 grass-like, keeled. Bracts leafy, long or short. Spikes %-lh in. Spikelets 

 many, J in., pale brown. Bristles barbed. Fruit pale. — Distrib. Europe 

 (excl. Spain, Greece), Siberia. 



14. S. ru'fus, Wahlb. ; leaves ^-terete smooth, lowest glume not ribbed 

 equalling the spikelet. Blys'mus ru'fus, Link. 



Wet pastures, especially near the sea, from N. Wales and Lincoln to Shet- 

 land; N. Ireland; fl. July. — Rootstjck creeping. Stems tufted, 3-12 in. 



