486 GBAMINE^E [Arrhenatherum. 



Fields, hedgerows, and pastures, N. to Shetland; ascends to 1,500 ft. in N. 

 England ; Ireland ; Channel Islands ; fl. June-July. — Rootstock widely creep- 

 ing, nodes often tuberous (var. bulbo'sa, Lindl.). Stems 2-4 ft., erect, slender, 

 smooth. Leaves flat, scabrid ; sheaths smooth ; ligule truncate. Panicle 

 6-12 in. ; branches 2-3-nate, suberect, very scabrid. Spikelets J in., pale, 

 shining; lower empty glume much smallest; upper oblong- lanceolate, 

 acute ; fl. glume subsessile, hairy below the middle, half as long as the 

 dark twisted bent awn (the 2 fl. glumes are sometimes equally awned). — 

 Distrib. Europe, N. Africa, "W. Asia ; introd. in N. America. — A pest. 



27. CY'NODON, Etch. Dog's-tooth Grass. 

 Perennial grasses. Spikelets laterally compressed, secund or on radiating 

 spikes ; rachilla 1-fld. Empty glumes 2, much smaller than the flowering, 

 awnless, spreading, subequal. Fl. glume convex, 3-nerved, awnless, keel 

 ciliate. Palea narrow, 2-nerved. Scales fleshy, truncate. Stamens 3. 

 Ovary glabrous ; styles 2, rather long, stigmas feathery. Fruit laterally 

 compressed, enveloped in the fl. glume and palea. — Distrtb. Temp, and 

 trop. regions ; species 4. — Etym. kvwv and 68ovs, dog's tooth. 



C. Dac'tylon, Pers. ; leaves short involute, tips obtuse. 

 Sandy shores of S.W. England, Dorset to Cornwall ; casual at Kew ; Channel 

 Islands ; fl. July-Aug. — Stems 4-10 in., stout, woody, prostrate and exten- 

 sively creeping, with short suberect leafy and flowering branches, smooth ; 

 fl. branches clothed with strongly furrowed sheaths. Leaves subulate, stiff, 

 glaucous, strongly nerved ; sheaths pale, mouth hairy. Spikes 3-6, 1-2 in., 

 radiating, purplish; rachis convex, grooved above. Spikelets T V- tV m -> 

 imbricate ; empty glumes ovate, acute ; keel scabrid. — Distrib. From 

 Holland southd., Asia, Africa ; introd. in N. America. — The chief pasture 

 (Doab and Bermtida grass) of many dry climates. 



28. TRIO'DIA, Br. 



Perennial grasses. Spikelets terete, panicled, 3-5-fld., upper flower often 

 imperfect ; rachilla jointed between the flowers. Empty glumes exceeding 

 the flowering, subequal, herbaceous, acute ; upper 3-nerved. Fl. glumes 

 convex, 3-toothed, keeled, 7-nerved. Palea broad, ciliate. Scales broad, 

 fleshy. Stamens 3. Ovary stipitate, glabrous ; styles short, terminal, 

 stigmas feathery. Fruit free, plano-convex. — Distrib. Temp, and trop.; 

 species 20. — Etym. rpe?s and 68ovs, from the three teeth. 



T. decum'bens, Bcauv. ; spikelets 6-10 turgid. Dantho'nia, DC. 

 Dry pastures and moors, N. to Shetland ; ascends to 1,800 ft. in Yorkshire ; 

 Ireland ; Channel Islands ; fl. July. — Perennial, bright green. Root fibrous. 

 Stems 6-12 in., densely tufted, rigid, glabrous, leafy. Leaves obtuse, coria- 

 ceous, slender, at length involute, hairy below ; sheaths grooved, lower 

 hairy ; month with a row of hairs. Panicle 1-2 in., erect ; rachis and 

 branches flexuous. Spikelets J-J in., obovoid, shining, pale green and 

 purplish, rachilla very short; empty glumes large, ovate, acute, keel 

 scabrid, margins hyaline ; fl. glumes ovoid, not keeled, coriaceous, imbricate, 



