496 GRAMINEJE. [Festuca. 



notched. Stamens 1-3. Ovary glabrous ; "styles short, terminal, stigmas 

 feathery. Fruit free or adherent to the fl. glume and palea. — Dis- 

 trib. Arctic, cold, and temp. . regions ; species 80. — Etym. An old 

 Latin name. 



Section 1. Schedonorus, Beauv. (gen.). Perennial, tall. Flowers 

 3-androus. Fruit free within the fl. glume. 



* Leaves fiat ; ligule of upper sheath short. 



1. F. ela'tior, L. ; panicle diffuse nodding, fl. glumes 3-7 glabrous 

 acute or almost awned, ovary glabrous. 



Kiver-banks and wet places, N. to Shetland ; ascends to 1,300 ft. in N. Eng- 

 land ; Ireland ; Channel Islands ; fl. June-July. — Rootstock creeping, stoloni- 

 ferous. Stems 2-6 ft., nodding, smooth. Leaves J-J in. broad, smooth, 

 striate. Panicle 3-6 in., contracted after flowering ; rachis 3-quetrous, 

 smooth; branches 2-nate, scabrid. Spikelets many, ^-f in., linear-oblong, 

 green and dull purple ; empty glumes broadly hyaline ; fl. glumes scabrid 

 above, rarely awned ; margins hyaline. — Distrib. Europe (Arctic), N. 

 Africa, W. Siberia, Himalaya, N. America. — A large maritime state with 

 rougher sheaths and branches of panicle divaricate after flowering is the 

 F. arundina'cea, Schreb. 



2. F. praten'sis, LTuds. ; panicle subsecund nodding close, fl. glumes 

 4-10 glabrous obtuse or mucronate, ovary glabrous. F. ela'tior, L., in part. 

 River-banks and wet places, from Caithness southd. ; ascends to 1,600 ft. in 



N. England ; Ireland ; fl. June-July. — Perhaps only a sub-species of 

 F. ela'tior, but smaller, less stoloniferous ; panicle much narrower, more 

 distichous and simple, sometimes 10 in., branches shorter, in pairs, one 

 with 1 spikelet, the other with 2 or more ; fl. glumes more numerous, some- 

 times shortly awned. — Distrib. Europe (Arctic), N". Asia ; introd. in 

 N. America. 

 F. lolia'cea, Curt, (not Huds.), with inflorescence racemose or spiked, spikelets 

 distichous, awn 0, fl. glumes more obtuse, is a hybrid with Lol'ium peren'ne. 



3. F. gigante'a, Fill. ; panicle very open nodding, fl. glumes 3-8 

 scabrid, awn double their length, ovary glabrous. Bromus, L. 



Damp woods and hedgebanks, from Argyll and Elgin southd. ; ascends to 

 1,000 ft. in Yorkshire ; Ireland ; fl. July-Aug— Habit of Bromus. Root 

 fibrous. Stems 2-4 ft., smooth, terete, nodding. Leaves flaccid, J-§ in. 

 broad, bright green, striate, scaberulous above ; sheaths smooth. Panicle 

 8-12 in. ; branches in pairs, and 3-quetrous rachis long slender scabrid. 

 Spikelets \ in., linear-ovate or -oblong, membranous, pale green ; empty 

 glumes lanceolate, broadly hyaline ; fl. glumes 2-fid, awn variable, very 

 slender, flexuous ; styles subterminal. — Distrib. Europe, Siberia. — Flowers 

 sometimes few (F. trifio'ra, Sm.). 



** Leaves involute ; ligule of upper sheath long, not auricled, 



4. F. sylvat'ica, Vill. ; panicle open subsecund erect, fl. glumes 3-5 

 acute scabrid, top of ovary hairy. F. Calama'ria, Sm. 



