512 FILICES. [Asplenium. 



2. A. german'icum, Weiss ; frond oblong-lanceolate pinnate, pinnae 

 few distant alternate cuneate-lanceolate simple-toothed orlobed. A. alter- 

 nifo'lium, Wulf. 



Eocks, very rare ; N. Wales, N. England, Roxburgh, Perth, Fife ; frt. 

 June-Sept. — Rootstock densely tufted, creeping, without scales. Stipes 

 2-4 in., slender, erect, black below. Frond rather flaccid, 2-3 in. ; pinnae 

 7-9, ^-f in., very variable, sometimes fan-shaped, lower shortly stalked, 

 irregularly 2-3-lobed ; lobes crenate or toothed ; midrib obsolete, veins 

 forked. Sori 2-4 on each pinna or segment, parallel, linear-oblong; in- 

 volucre entire, at length covering the breadth but not the length of the 

 segments. — Distrib. Europe (excl. Greece and Turkey), Himalaya, China. 



3. A. septentriona'le, Hull; frond linear-lanceolate inciso-pinnatifid, 

 pinnae narrow erect, tips incised. 



Walls and rocks, rare ; Devon, Somerset, N.Wales (ascending to 3,000 ft.), 

 northd. to Perth and Aberdeen ; frt. June-Oct. — Rootstock densely 

 tufted, hardly scaly. Stipes many, 3-4 in., erect, rigid, black below. Frond 

 coriaceous, 1-2 in., lanceolate, simple or cleft into slender segments ; 

 midrib obsolete ; veins forked. Sori 1-4 on each pinna, parallel, at length 

 covering the pinna ; involucre narrow. — Distrib. Europe, N. and W. 

 Asia, Himalaya, N. America. 



** Ultimate pinnules with a distinct midrib. 



4. A. Trichom'anes, L. ; frond linear pinnate, rachis rigid, chestnut- 

 brown, pinnae $-§ in. many subsessile. 



Walls and rocks, N. to Orkney ; ascends to 2,000 ft. in Wales ; Ireland ; 

 Channel Islands ; frt. Ma3 r -Oct. — Rootstock stout, shortly creeping ; scales 

 few, subulate, blackish. Stipes 1-4 in., crowded, naked, polished, red-brown, 

 black below. Frond 6-12 in., rigid; pinnae 15-40, horizontal, dark green 

 lower smaller, base obliquely cuneate truncate rounded or auricled, some- 

 times incised ; midrib subcentral ; veins few, oblique, forked above the 

 middle. Sori oblique, short ; involucre pale brown, entire or erose. — 

 Distrib. Europe, N. Africa, N. and W. Asia, N. America, S. temp, regions. 

 — A. an'ceps, Sol., is simply a larger form. — A. Clermont'a, Syme {A. 

 Feirar'cha, Newm., not DC), from a garden wall at Newry, is considered 

 by its author, with hardly a doubt, to be a hybrid with A. Ru'ta-mura'ria. 

 from which latter it differs in its simply pinnate linear frond, more sessile 

 pinnae, and more divergent veins. 



5. A. vir'ide, Huds. ; frond linear pinnate, rachis green slender, 

 pinnae |-J in. many shortly stalked rhombic-ovate crenate. 



Wet rocks in mt. districts, from Shetland to S. Wales and Derby; ascends to 

 2,800 ft. in the Highlands ; W. Ireland ; frt. June-Sept. — Perhaps an alpine 

 sub-species of A. Trichom'anes, distinguished by its more flaccid habit, pale 

 rachis, shorter paler and shortly stalked pinnae. — Distrib. Europe (Arctic;, 

 N. and W. Asia, N. America. 



6. A. xnari'num, L. ; frond oblong or lanceolate coriaceous pinnate 

 below, pinnae 1-2 in. oblong-ovate crenate. 



Sea-cliffs and caves, Shetland to York on the E. coast, and to Cornwall and 

 Hants on the W. and S. ; Ireland; Channel Islands; frt. June-Sept.— 



