Nephrodium.] FILICES. 517 



nate, pinnules deeply obtusely lobed toothed attached by a broad base, 

 involucre flat eglandular. 



Bogs and marshes, Notts, Hunts, Chester, Yorks ; Renfrew ; frt. Aug. — Root- 

 stock and stout pale stipes clothed with large bullate acuminate pale scales. 

 Frond 1-1^ ft., narrow, glabrous; pinnae shortly petioled, oblong, base 

 truncate obtuse apiaulate, teeth short not awned, veins forked. Invo- 

 lucre quite glabrous, entire.- Distrib. Europe, W. Siberia, N. America. 



Lastrea uligino'sa, Newm., with pinnules more divided, teeth slightly spinu- 

 lose, is intermediate between N. spinulo'sum and crista'tum, and occurs with 

 the typical form. 



3. N. rig'idum, Desv. ; rootstock tufted and stipes scaly below, frond 

 oblong-lanceolate, lower pinnae rhomboid lobed to the rachis with mucro- 

 nate pinnules flat subglandular beneath, involucre gland-ciliate. 

 Mountains of Lancashire, York, and Westmoreland, rare ; ascends to about 



1,500 ft. ; frt. July-Aug. — Rootstock and stout stipes densely clothed with 

 long concolorous scales. Frond 12-18 in., subglandular beneath, narrow ; 

 pinnae 2-3 in. ; pinnules acutely toothed, lower with subpiunate venules. 

 Sort close to the midrib. Involucre firm, convex. — Distrib. W. Europe 

 to Greece, W. Asia, N. America. 



4. N. spinulo'sum, Desv. ; rootstock tufted, stipes sparingly scaly, 

 frond oblong-lanceolate, lower pinnse subdeltoid, pinnules lobed to the 

 rachis flat, teeth awned, involucre smooth gland-ciliate or not. 



Woods and damp shaded places, from Aberdeen and Dumbarton southd. ; 

 Ireland ; frt. Aug.-Sept. — Rootstock stout, suberect, and stout pale stipes 

 1 ft., sparingly clothed with ovate scales. Fronds 12-18 in., glabrous or 

 glandular beneath ; lower pinnae 2-4 in., subdeltoid; pinnules 1 in., ovate- 

 lanceolate, pinuatifid to the rachis, lobes oblong spinulose-toothed. Son 

 chiefly on the upper half of the frond. — Distrib. Europe (Arctic), excl. 

 Turkey and Greece, S. Africa, N.E. Asia, N. America. 



N. spinulo'sum proper; scales ovate concolorous, frond oblong-lanceolate 

 eglandular beneath pale green, involucre not gland ciliate. 



Sub-sp. N. diuata'tum, Desv. ; scales denser narrower centre dark brown, 

 frond larger ovate-lanceolate or subdeltoid 2-3-pinnate more deeply cut 

 darker and brighter green, pinnae closer glandular beneath, involucre 

 evanescent gland-ciliate. — Var. ylandulo'sa, Newm., is more glandular 

 beneath, frond broader. — Var. na'na, Newm., is smaller. — Aspidium Boott'ii, 

 Tuck. {Lastrea colli'na, Newm.), has pinnules subentire. — Aspidium dume- 

 to'rum, Sin., connects it with dilata'tum. — Ascends to 3,700 ft. in the 

 Highlands ; Channel Islands. 



Sub-sp. Aspidium remo'tum, Braun ; scales lanceolate concolorous extending 

 up the rachis, frond oblong-lanceolate, pinnae close lanceolate, pinnules ovate- 

 oblong cut half away to the rachis eglandular beneath, lower only free, 

 involucre eglandular. — Windermere. — Between spinulo'sum and Fi'lix-mas. 



5. N. se'mulum, Baker ; rootstock tufted, stipes densely scaly below, 

 frond subdeltoid 3-pinnate, pinnules triangular-ovate concave above, 

 glandular beneath, lowest largest spinous-serrate, edges of involucre 



