Equisetum.] EQUISETACE^E. 523 



slender, with short suberect branches or none. Cones short, oblong, obtuse ■ 

 — Distrib. Europe, N. Asia, N. America. 

 E. limo'sum proper ; smooth, branches short rigid equalling the internodes, 

 cones subsessile. — Var. E. jluviat'ile, L. ; scaberulous above, branches 

 tapering longer tban the internodes, cones peduncled. 



7. E. hyema'le, L. ; stems scabrid 8-34-grooved, branches all sub- 

 radical or 0, sheaths white with black tip and base, teeth black with 

 deciduous tips. Dutch Rush. 



Marshes in woods, local, from Ross and Moray to Kent and Hereford ; ascends 

 to 1,700 ft. in Forfar ; rare in Ireland ; frt. July- Aug. — Easily dis- 

 tinguished by its size, glaucous colour, scabridity, and stems simple or 

 branched at the base only. Stems 1-3 ft. ; branches simple, grooves shallow. 

 Cones small, conoid, acute. — Distrib. Europe, N. Africa, N. Asia, N. 

 America. 



E. hyema'le proper ; stems perennial or biennial, sheaths close, tip of teeth 

 black. — Var. E. Moor'ei, Newm. (E. palea'ceum, Schleich.) ; stems annual, 

 sheaths loose, teeth truncate, tip white. Wicklow, near the sea. 



8. E. variega'tum, Schleich. ; stems filiform more or less scabrid 4-14- 

 grooved, branches basal, sheaths green below black above, teeth obtuse 

 apiculate membranous. 



"Wet places and sandy shores, local, from Ross and the Clyde to York ; 

 Chester, Wales, Norfolk, Devon; Ireland; frt. July- Aug. — Usually small. 

 Stems 4-12 in., often decumbent and branching dichotomously below. 

 Sheaths short, rather distant, appressed ; teeth membranous, white, or 

 edges black. Cone small, ovoid, acute. — Distrib. Europe, N. ; Africa, Siberia, 

 N. America. 



E. variega'tum proper; erect, 1-2 ft., teeth of sheaths short acute. Wet 

 banks, &c. — Var. E. arena'rium, Newm. ; stems decumbent more slender, 

 teeth of sheaths 6-8 cuneate. Sandy shores, from Lancashire northd. 

 — Var. E. Wilso'ni, Newm.; tall, erect, 2-3 ft., teeth of sheaths short 

 obtuse. Watery places.— Var. E. trachyo'don, Braun (E. Mackai'i, Newm.) ; 

 stem erect or almost decumbent stouter, branches longer flexuous, sheaths 

 black, teeth at length white. Damp woods, N.E. Ireland, Scotland. 



Order XCII.— LYCOPODIA'CEiE. 



Rootstock running, creeping, or a corm, or 0. Stem dichotomously 

 branched, usually rigid, leafy throughout. Leaves imbricate all round or 

 2-6-fariously, small, simple, nerveless or 1 -nerved. Capsules (sporangia) 

 sessile in the axils of the leaves or of the scales of a terminal or axillary 

 sessile or peduncled cone, 1-3-celled, compressed, often reniform, 2-valved. 

 Spores marked with 3 radiating lines at the top.— Distrib. All climates ; 

 genera 4 ; species 100. — Affinities. With Filices. 



In germination the spore develops a prothallus upon which archegonia 

 and antheridia are produced, as in Filices. 



