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four papillae project dorsally in two pairs. These bear on their exposed 

 surface numerous fine hairs which follow the boundary of an elongated 

 slightly raised conical area; the outer pair is tipped in black. Fig. 1. 



(a) (6) 



Pig. 1. Stigmatic area in Tipula paludom, (o) showing papillae with hairs, stigmata, 

 and pigment spots; (6) showing anus and fleshy lobes, together with para-anal 

 papillee. 



DP. Dorsal papillae; LP. Lateral papillee ; 



VP. Ventral papillae ; AP. Para-anal papillae, outside stigmatic area ; A. Anus. 



Duration of Larval Period. 



In the N.E. of Scotland the adult flies may be seen frequenting 

 cultivated land from early in Jime to the beginning of October. 

 It appears to be the accepted opinion in England (Theobald, Agricultural 

 Zoology, 1913, p. 228) that there are two generations of these flies, 

 T. paludosa, and T. oleracea, in the course of the year. Our observations 

 have shown that in this area, probably owing to the higher latitude 

 and more rigorous climate, there is only one. 



The following observations made upon a small collection of flies 

 reared from eggs which hatched in September, 1913, are typical of the 

 results obtained in rearing during several years. The parent flies had 

 hatched out within small laboratory cages or had been caught upon 

 the college farm and placed in these. The cages had wooden roof and 



