12 QUATERCENTENARY STUDIES IN PATHOLOGY 



The walls of these ventricles are made up of a loose net-work of cells 

 with a lining of endothelial cells. No cardiac muscle fibres are seen. 



Abortive timbilical cord. — Near the abortive heart, and also attached to 

 the deformed palate of the parasite, hangs an elongated structure which 

 has all the appearance of a piece of umbilical cord (Fig. 6). It measures 

 1 8 mm. in length, 3 mm. in diameter, and has a somewhat bulbous 

 free end. It has the gelatinous appearance of umbilical cord, and small 

 blood vessels are seen running along its whole length. Microscopically, 

 it is made up of typical retiform cells, and is covered by a layer of 

 flattened epithelium one cell deep. In the cross sections are seen four 

 small blood vessels. The attached end of the cord passes into a mass of 

 vascular tissue, in which break up branches from two large blood vessels 

 (Fig. 6). 



A single nostril. — Below the irregular mouth is the left half of a nose 

 with one nostril (Fig i). The opening of the nostril measures 3 by 2 mm., 

 and leads into a passage 15 mm. long, bounded on the one side by 

 a process from the deformed superior maxilla, and on the other side by 

 an irregular piece of cartilage. The passage is lined by a thin, very 

 vascular mucous membrane. 



A degenerate eyeball — Immediately below and deep to the nostril is a 

 degenerate eyeball. The eyeball is firmly embedded in fibrous tissue, is 

 somewhat crumpled, contains a clear fluid, and measures 14 mm. by 7 mm. 

 There is neither cornea nor lens. The outer coat of the eyeball is largely 

 cartilaginous, and inside this is a thin, vascular coat, lined by a continuous 

 layer of typical, hexagonal, nucleated retinal pigment cells. There are 

 no traces of the other layers of retina. 



Intestine. — In the upper part of the tumour are several separate serous 

 cavities containing irregular closed knuckles of intestine. These knuckles 

 are distended with a clear gelatinous material, the largest knuckle having 

 a diameter of 17 mm. A series of pieces from the walls of the different 

 knuckles of bowel were examined microscopically. Each piece shows 

 the four coats of normal bowel, viz., serous, muscular, submucous and 

 mucous. The muscular coat consists of the usual two layers of fibres. 

 Both layers are well developed, more especially the outer, which is formed 

 of longitudinal fibres uniformly disposed. The submucous coat contains 

 numerous small blood vessels. The mucous membrane is lined with 



C186) 



