Figure 3 (a). Thin wooden cases, the study 



showed, often cause trouble because the 



covers may split and give way. 



More paper cases are being used 

 for shipment of hatching eggs than 

 formerly. Some believe them to be 

 cheaper and that eggs arrive in 

 better condition. Heavy-duty paper 

 cases have given good results. Sever- 

 al shippers have reported less break- 

 age than in the heavy returnable 

 cases. Test shipments in new paper 

 cases came through well. 



Cases of one type stacked better 

 for shipment and arrived with less 

 damage than mixed types, such as 

 paper and heavy returnables. Light 

 wooden cases often give trouble be- 



cause of use of covermgs, previous- 

 ly nailed and split, which may break 

 away. 

 Shippers used entirelv too many cases that were not in first-class condi- 

 tion. Transportation agencies could well afford to be more rigid in their 

 acceptance of cases for shipment. 



All cases should be rigidly checked before each shipment. One shipper 

 found that 25-33 percent of his heavy returnable cases had to be repaired 

 for each trip. Another shipper replaced about 14 percent of his paper cases 

 each trip. Flats and fillers must also be in good condition. Careful check- 

 ing is important. 



Rough handling is the principal cause of damage to cases. Wooden 

 cases are cracked by rough handling and the nails work out. Sides become 

 split and broken. Paper cases, when loaded next to such wooden cases, may 

 be torn. 



Paper cases must be kept dry. Wet 

 cases tear easily. Heavy losses re- 

 sult when moisture-softened cases 

 break open. 



Methoc's of Shipment 



Methods of shipment of hatcherv 

 eggs were reported as follows by 

 63 producers shipping a total of 

 more than 1,000 cases per week. 

 Rail shipments 31.97^ 



Truck 67.8% 



Plane .3% 



Some hatching eggs have been 

 moved by plane over a period of 

 years. The high cost, the inconveni- 

 ence of delivery to and from the 

 loading and receiving points, and the 

 uncertainties of weather are factors 

 which have held shipments to a low 

 figure. Many producers would be in- 

 terested in making more plane ship- 

 ments, if rates were more attractive. 



11 



Figure 3 (b). Heavy wooden returnable cases 



were used by 31 percent of the producers 



surveyed. 



