XI PHENOMENA OF ORGANIC NATURE 431 



man, and can tell a Chinaman from an English- 

 man. They each have peculiar characteristics of 

 colour and physiognomy; but you must recollect 

 that the characters of these races go very far 

 deeper they extend to the bony structure, and to 

 the characters of that most important of all organs 

 to us the brain ; so that, among men belonging 

 to different races, or even within the same race, 

 one man shall have a brain a third, or half, or even 

 seventy per cent, bigger than another ; and if you 

 take the whole range of human brains, you will 

 find a variation in some cases of a hundred per 

 cent. Apart from these variations in the size of 

 the brain, the characters of the skull vary. Thus 

 if I draw the figures of a Mongol and of a Negro 

 head on the blackboard, in the case of the last the 

 breadth would be about seven-tenths, and in the 

 other it would be nine-tenths of the total length. 

 So that you see there is abundant evidence of 

 variation among men in their natural condition. 

 And if you turn to other animals there is just the 

 same thing. The fox, for example, which has a 

 very large geographical distribution all over 

 Europe, and parts of Asia, and on the American 

 Continent, varies greatly. There are mostly large 

 foxes in the North, and smaller ones in the South. 

 In Germany alone the foresters reckon some eight 

 different sorts. 



Of the tiger, no one supposes that there is more 

 than one species ; they extend from the hottest 



