180 Darwinism and Other Essays. 



our rejection of his second, and we see, more 

 clearly than ever, that " the double movement, 

 moral and intellectual, is essential to the very 

 idea of civilization," and that, without including 

 both elements, there can be no complete theory of 

 progress. 



It may likewise be well to remark that a dis- 

 cussion of this sort has no immediate bearing on 

 the subject of Christianity. It has been supposed 

 by some persons that Mr. Buckle's entire argu- 

 ment is nothing but a sinister attack upon the 

 Christian religion. We see nothing of the kind 

 in it. Christianity is a system of belief, in which 

 both intellectual and moral forces must co-oper- 

 ate; and a person, while denying the civilizing 

 agency of the moral element, may with perfect 

 consistency maintain the civilizing agency of that 

 set of opinions in the formation of which the 

 moral element has had but a partial share. Our 

 author's argument, therefore, is not to be con- 

 strued into an assault upon Christianity, nor is 

 our own argument to be construed into a defence 

 of it. Confusion necessarily results from mixing 

 questions which should be kept separate. 



We come now to Mr. Buckle's third * law 



1 On the first page of his second volume, Mr. Buckle places this 

 law second in order, and the law just considered third. But as it is 



