CHAPTER FIFTY-TWO 



DURING 1914 and 1915 I had gathered much material 

 concerning the Pangermanist League with its schemes 

 for absorption and conquest, and in January, 1916, 

 I contributed to The Scientific Monthly an article 

 entitled "The Ways of Pangermany." 

 Ways of I n contrast with democratic freedom, order, and 

 justice, I analyzed the Prussian theory of "the 

 State," x involving control by an irresistible but 

 avowedly benevolent paternalism. If the people 

 were satisfied, well and good; but contented or not, 

 they were fed and then shorn. The democratic state, 

 on the other hand, is a voluntary combination of 

 human units for mutual benefit to assure those gen- 

 eral needs which can be better attained by public 

 cooperation than by private enterprise. 

 TWO According to Bismarck the principle on which the 



O f loyal* State 2 rests is loyalty to the leader. Our British race 

 has never accepted this point of view, professing 

 adherence to higher and more permanent ideals. The 

 one theory works itself out in monarchy, the other 

 in individual freedom. 



The German industrial system which forced labor 

 into channels of efficiency without regard to indi- 

 vidual will or initiative was inseparable from German 

 militarism. France required three years of military 

 service, with conscription in war time, but her 



1 See Vol. I, Chapter xi, page 277. 



2 Das Prinzip der Staatenbildung ist fur die Germanen die Treue zu ihrem 

 Fiihrer. 



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