Appendix F 



ary 29, 1912, but only recently published, 1 shows clearly that 

 Bulgaria's one interest lay in the liberation of Macedonia, 

 which was to have autonomy, and that the main purpose of 

 Serbia was access to the Adriatic. If, however, both parties 

 found it impracticable to create an independent government in 

 Macedonia, the territory was to be divided between them, the 

 principles governing possible division being laid down with 

 precision. Thus Serbia conceded that the population beyond a 

 line running roughly northeast from Lake Ochrida was pre- 

 dominantly Bulgar, and she made no claim to it. As for the 

 northwestern section of Macedonia, neither nation set up 

 definite pretensions, both agreeing to abide by the arbitrament 

 of the Tsar of Russia. 



Greece also joined the alliance, though no treaty concerning 

 her claims has been made public. It was understood, however, 

 that she hoped to acquire Epirus, Thessaly, the ^Egean Islands, 

 and perhaps Salonica, but it is said that Venizelos did not covet 

 any territory east of the Struma, as such acquisition would 

 "have no backbone." 



The combined attack on Bulgaria (1912) by Serbia, Greece, 

 Roumania, and Turkey was followed by the Treaty of Bucharest 

 (August 6, 1913), "one of the most iniquitous ever conceived, 

 ... a heartbreaking affair to every one who had hopes of a 

 happier future for the Balkans." 2 But the Treaty of Neuilly 

 (1920) is in every respect still worse, the most indefensible of 

 the series of adjustments following the Treaty of Versailles. 3 



To restore human values, it must be made worth while to 

 live. Where men are free, boundary lines have little importance. 

 As it is, every change is likely to be a new oppression, making 



1 Arthur Bullard, "The Diplomacy of the Great War," page 141. 



2 Ibid., page 146. 



3 In a personal letter to me (1920) Markham condemns the Treaty of Neuilly 

 as "nothing that even approaches a settlement of the Balkan question, and 

 wars must again break out in that corner of Europe. Roumania, Serbia, and 

 Greece are unduly enlarged, and there will be much turmoil before they assimi- 

 late their enormous new gains. When a snake is struggling to swallow a toad 

 or a rabbit, he can be attacked to good advantage. Bulgaria, unified in spirit 

 by a single national aim and burning with consuming hatred, is watching three 

 such serpents as they hiss and writhe, and awaits her time to attack. And 

 Europe tries to prevent this by allowing Serbia to plant her cannon on more 

 Bulgarian mountains! Europe solves the Macedonian problem by shoving 

 Bulgarian bayonets ten miles farther from the Macedonian Railway!" 



C 808 3 



