212 



DISSECTION OF THE LEG. 



Trace out 

 the deep 

 tendons. 



Insertion of 

 tendon of 

 tibialis 

 posticus 



into tarsus 



and meta- 

 tarsus. 



Insertion of 

 tendon of 



Kironeus 

 ngus : 



relations. 



Dissection. Follow the tendon of the tibialis posticus muscle 

 from its position behind the inner malleolus to its insertion into the 

 iiavicular bone, and trace the numerous processes that it sends for- 

 wards and outwards (fig. 76). Open also the fibrous sheath of the 

 tendon of the peroneus longus, which crosses from the outer to the 

 inner side of the foot. 



The tendon of the TIBIALIS POSTICUS is continued forwards over 

 the internal lateral ligament of the ankle-joint and the internal 

 calcaiieo-navicular ligament, to be inserted into the tuberosity of the 

 navicular bone. From its insertion processes are continued to many 

 of the other bones of the foot : One is directed backwards to the 

 sustentaculum tali of the os calcis. Two offsets are directed for- 

 wards ; one to the internal cuneiform bone, the other, much the 

 larger, is attached to the middle and outer cuneiform, to the cuboid 

 bone, and to the bases of the second, third, and fourth metatarsal 

 bones. In other words, extensions pass into all the tarsal bones 

 except one (astragalus), and into all the metatarsal bones except two 

 (first and fifth). 



Where the tendon is placed over the calcaneo-navicular ligament, 

 it contains a fibro-cartilage, or occasionally a sesamoid bone. 



The tendon of the PERONEUS LONGUS MUSCLE winds round the 

 cuboid bone, and is continued inwards in the groove on the under- 

 surface to be inserted into the internal cuneiform bone and the base 

 of the metatarsal bone of the great toe ; and sometimes by a slip into 

 the base of the second metatarsal bone. 



In the sole of the foot (fig. 79), it is contained in a sheath 

 which is completed, towards the outer part, by the fibres of the 

 long plantar ligament prolonged to the tarsal ends of the third 

 and fourth metatarsal bones ; but it is formed internally only 

 by areolar tissue. A synovial membrane lubricates the sheath. 



Where the tendon turns round the cuboid bone it is thickened, 

 and contains a fibro-cartilage or a sesamoid bone. 



SECTION VII. 



LIGAMENTS OF THE KNEE, ANKLE, AND FOOT. 



Directions. In examining the remaining articulations of the 

 limb, the student may take first the knee-joint, unless this has 

 become dry ; in that case the ligaments of the leg, ankle-joint, and 

 foot may be dissected while the knee is being moistened. 



Dissection. For the preparation of each ligament of the knee- 

 11661 joint, it is sufficient to detach the muscles and tendons from around 

 it, and to remove the areolar tissue or fibrous structure which may 

 obscure or conceal the ligamentous band. A kind of aponeurotic 

 capsule is to be defined on the front of the joint ; and some 

 tendons, namely, those of the biceps, popliteus, adductor magnus, 



Examine 

 first the 

 knee-joint. 



Dissection 



capsule, 



and 

 tendons. 



