TRANS VE RSALIS MUSCLE. 



271 



muscle may be reflected from the cord by means of a longitudinal 

 incision. 



To raise tke internal oblique, it will be necessary to cut it through and internal 

 firstly near the ribs, secondly along the crest of the ilium and obll( l ue - 

 Poupart's ligament, and lastly at the hinder part, so as to connect 

 the first two incisions. Its depth will be indicated by a fatty layer 

 between it and the transversalis, and by a branch of artery between 

 the two muscles near the anterior superior iliac spine (fig. 106, 6, 

 p. 287). In raising the 

 muscle towards the edge 

 of the rectus, let the student 

 separate with great care 

 the lower fibres from those 

 of the transversalis with 

 which they are often con- 

 joined, and dissect out, 

 between the two, the inter- 

 costal nerves and arteries, 

 and the two branches of 

 the lumbar plexus (ilio- 

 hypogastric and ilio-ingui- 

 nal) near the fore part of 

 the ilium. The offsets en- 

 tering the muscle must be 

 cut. 



Parfe covered by the in- 

 ternal oblique (fig. 101). 

 The internal oblique con- 

 ceals the transversalis 

 muscle and the vessels and 

 nerves between the two. 

 Near Poupart's ligament it 

 lies on the spermatic cord 

 and the transversalis fascia. 

 The rectus muscle is 

 covered below by the 

 aponeurosis. 



The TRANSVERSALIS 



Parts 



covered by 

 internal 

 oblique. 



FJG. 101. 



A. The Transversalis muscle, with B, its 

 anterior, and c, its posterior tendon (fascia 

 lumborum). 



D. Poupart's ligament. 



1. Last dorsal nerve with its accom- 

 panying artery. 



2. Ilio-hypogastric nerve with its artery. Transversa- 



MCSCLE (fig. 101, A) forms ft Intercostal nerves and arteries, 

 the third stratum in the 



wall of the abdomen, and differs from the two oblique muscles 

 in having a posterior as well as an anterior aponeurosis. Like the 

 internal oblique, it is attached on all sides, except where the sper- 

 matic cord lies. At the pelvis it arises from the outer third of origin from 

 Poupart's ligament and from the anterior two-thirds of the iliac crest an^peMst 

 along the inner border (fig. 139. p. 369) ; at the chest it takes origin by 

 fleshy slips from the inner surface of the lower six costal carti- 

 lages ; and between the chest and the pelvis it is connected with fibres end in 

 the lumbar vertebrae by means of its posterior aponeurosis, or the a P n eurosis. 



