DISSECTION OF THE ABDOMEN. 



the abdominal wall between the epigastric artery and the edge o 

 Two kinds : the rectus muscle. These two kinds of hernia are distinguished bj 

 the names external and internal, from their position to the deej 

 epigastric artery ; or they are called oblique and direct, from th< 

 direction they take through the abdominal wall. Thus, the hernia 

 protruding through the internal abdominal ring \vith the cord is 

 called external from being outside the artery, and oblique from its 

 slanting course ; while the hernia between the edge of the rectus 



external or 

 oblique ; 



Posterior layer 

 of sheath of 

 rectus. 



Transversalis. 

 Cut edge of 

 anterior layer 

 of sheath of 

 rectus. 



Semilunar fold 

 of Douglas. 

 Transversalis 

 fascia. 



Spermatic 

 cord. 



Conjoined 

 tendon. 



FIG. 105. DIAGRAM OF THE INTERNAL OBLIQUE AND TRANSVERSALIS 

 MUSCLES, WITH THE SHEATH OF THE RECTUS. 



internal or 

 direct. 



External or 

 oblique. 



Anatomy of 

 parts con- 

 cerned. 



Inguinal 

 canal : 



and the deep epigastric artery is named internal from being inside 

 the artery, and direct from its straight course. 



EXTERNAL or OBLIQUE INGUINAL HERNIA leaves the cavity of 

 the abdomen with the spermatic cord, and traversing the inguinal 

 canal, makes its exit from that passage by the external abdominal 

 ring. 



ANATOMY OP EXTERNAL HERNIA. To understand the anatomy of 

 this form of hernia, it will be necessary to study the passage which 

 it occupies in its course through the abdominal wall (inguinal canal), 

 the apertures by which it enters and leaves the wall (abdominal 

 rings), and the coverings it receives in its progress. 



The INGUINAL CANAL (figs. 105 and 106) is the interval between 

 the fiat muscles of the abdominal wall, which contains the spermatic 

 cord in the male, and the round ligament of the uterus in the female. 



