LIGAMENTS OF THE LIVER. 313 



cross lines). The other end of the fold is wide, and is connected 

 with the intestine. 



LIGAMENTS OF THE LIVER. On the upper surface of the liver is Peritoneal 

 the suspensory ligament; and along the back there is a wide t?e liver* f 

 process which is divided into coronary, and right and left lateral 

 ligaments. 



The suspensory or falciform ligament extends from before backwards falciform 

 between the upper convex surface of the liver and the parietes of the 1 ament > 

 abdomen. Its lower border is concave, and fixed to the liver ; while 

 the upper border is convex, and is connected to the abdominal wall 

 on the right of the linea alba, and to the under-surface of the 

 diaphragm. In its free anterior border or base is the remains of the 

 umbilical vein, which is named the round ligament of the liver. 



The coronary ligament is placed at the back of the right lobe of coronary 

 the liver, and is composed of two layers which are separated by an h amt ' nt '> 

 interval (fig. 114). The superior layer passes from the liver to the 

 diaphragm; but the inferior layer (fig. 131, i c I, p. 346) is reflected 

 over the front of the kidney and inferior vena cava. This layer 

 becomes continuous round the Spigelian lobe with the posterior 

 layer of the small omentum. 



The right lateral ligament (fig. 131, rll] is a small fold at the right right lateral 

 end of the coronary ligament, formed by the meeting of the two llgarri nt ' 

 layers for a short distance. 



The left lateral ligament, larger than the foregoing, is a triangular left lateral 

 fold of peritoneum, with a free edge turned to the left. It is }i & meni ; 

 attached by its anterior border to the liver above the margin of the 

 left lobe, and by its posterior border to the diaphragm in front of 

 the oesophageal opening. At its right end the upper layer is con- 

 tinued into the left side of the falciform ligament, and the lower 

 layer into the front of the small omentum. 



FOLDS OF THE SPLEEN (fig. 115). These are the gastro-spleuic Spleuic 

 omentum and the lieno-renal ligament, the formation of which has folds> 

 already been explained. 



ACCESSORY PERITONEAL FOLDS AND FOSSAE. Mi nor peritoneal folds 

 and fossae should be looked for in the neighbourhood of the duodeno- 

 jejunal flexure and about the caecum ; also the lower surface of the 

 pelvic meso- colon should be examined for the mouth of a small pouch 

 (intersigmoid) that sometimes exists there. Two pouches are often Duodenal 

 found in the neighbourhood of the duodeno-jejunal flexure. One, to 

 the left of the upper part of the flexure, looking downwards, is called 

 the superior duodenal fossa, and another, along the lelt side of the Superior, 

 last (fourth) part of the duodenum looking upwards, is called the 

 inferior duodenal fossa. A. para-duodenal fossa is occasionally found inferior, 

 to the left of the last part of the duodenum on the posterior para, 

 abdominal wall, being produced by a fold raised by the inferior 

 mesenteric vein. 



E uuuing up behind the cascum or the beginning of the ascending Retro-colic 

 colon there is often a retro-colic fold, producing a pouch on one or 

 both sides of it, more commonly on the inner side. A very constant 



