338 



DISSECTION OF THE ABDOMEN. 



gastro- 

 epiploic, 

 duodenal, 

 and cystic. 



Ending 

 of large 

 splanchnic 

 nerve, 



small, 



and 



smallest. 



Ending of 

 left vagus 



and right. 



Two other plexuses right gastro-epiplo'ic and pancreatico-duodenal, 

 correspond in distribution with the branches of each artery. 



A cystic plexus passes to the gall-bladder with the artery. 



The remaining offsets of the plexus, viz., superior and inferior 

 mesenteric, aortic, and spermatic, have been already noticed (p. 319) ; 

 but the derivation of the superior mesenteric and aortic plexuses 

 from the epigastric centre can now be seen. 



Ending of the splanchnic nerves. The large nerve perforates the 

 crus of the diaphragm, and generally ends altogether in the semi- 

 lunar ganglion. 



The small nerve comes through the same opening in the diaphragm 

 as the preceding, and joins the coeliac plexus. 



The smallest nerve, which is often absent, passes into the supra- 

 renal and renal plexuses. 



ENDING OF THE VAGUS NERVE. The pneumo-gastric nerves pass 

 on to the stomach : 



The left nerve divides into branches, which extend along the small 

 curvature, and over the front of the stomach and sends offsets to 

 the hepatic plexus. 



The right nerve is distributed to the posterior surface of the stomach 

 near the upper border ; it communicates with its fellow, and gives 

 branches to the coeliac and splenic plexuses. 



Definition. 



Separate 

 and blow 

 up the 

 stomach. 



Form, 



size, and 

 divisions. 



Left end, 

 and right. 



REMOVAL OF THE STOMACH AND OTHER VISCERA, 



Dissection, The (esophagus should be cut through as it pierces 

 the diaphragm and the stomach, duodenum, pancreas and spleen are 

 to be removed by cutting through the vessels and nerves left passing 

 to them. 



THE STOMACH. 



The stomach is the dilated part of the alimentary tube between 

 the oesophagus and the small intestine, into which the masticated 

 food is received. 



Dissection. The stomach and duodenum must be blown up 

 moderately with air, and the surfaces cleaned ; but, previously, let 

 the student detach the spleen and put it aside. 



FORM AND DIVISIONS. The stomach is rather pyriform in shape, 

 and in its natural condition strongly curved with its surfaces looking, 

 one upwards and forwards, and the other downwards and backwards. 

 Its size varies much in different bodies, and is sometimes much 

 diminished by a constriction to the right of the centre : Avhen it 

 is moderately distended, it is about twelve inches long and four 

 wide. There are two ends, two orifices, two surfaces, and two 

 borders or curvatures to be examined. 



The left end is called the fundus, and projects upwards to the 

 summit to the left of the end of the oesophagus (fig. 110, p. 301). 

 The right or pyloric end is much smaller, and tapers to the 

 duodenum. The stomach is usually narrow and cylindrical a 



