THE SUPRARENAL BODIES. 357 



Part in the kidney (fig. 136, b). Near the kidney the ureter is Ureter 

 dilated into a funnel-shaped part called the pelvis. It begins in the 

 sinus of the kidney by a set of cup-shaped tubes, named calices or has calices, 

 infundibula (c), which vary in number from seven to thirteen. Each which 

 cup-shaped process embraces the rounded end of a pyramidal ma>s, pIJpji?*? 

 and receives the urine from the apertures in that projection : some- 

 times a calyx surrounds two or more papillae. The several calices 

 are united together to form two or three larger tubes ; and these 

 are finally blended in the pelvis. 



Structure. The chief part of the wall of the ureter is composed of Three coats 

 a muscular coat, in which there is an outer layer of circular, and an toureter: 

 inner layer of longitudinal fibres. This has an external investment fibrous, 

 of fibrous tissue, and is lined by mucous membrane. a^mucous 



The calices resembles the rest of the duct in having a fibrous, a The calices 

 muscular, and a mucous coat. Around the base of the papilla the coats^ 

 outer coat of the calyx is continuous with the enveloping tunic of 

 the kidney ; and at the apex the mucous lining is prolonged into 

 the uriniferous tubes through the small openings. 



Vessels. The arteries are numerous but small, and are furnished Vessels. 

 by the renal, spermatic, internal iliac, and inferior vesical. The 

 veins correspond with the arteries. 



The lymphatics are received into those of the kidneys. Lymphatics. 



THE SUPRARENAL BODIES. 



These small bodies (tigs. 134 and 135) have received their name Suprarenal 

 from their position in regard to the kidney. Their vessels and nerves ca 

 are numerous, but they are not provided with any excretory duct. 



One body is situate on the upper end of each kidney, with an n duct, 

 inclination to the inner side, and, without care, may be removed Sltuatlon '> 

 with the surrounding fat, which it resembles. Its colour is a 

 brownish-yellow. Both bodies are rather triangular in shape, and colour; 

 flattened, but with the upper angle rounded off, and the base or a " 

 lower part hollowed where they touch the kidney. The right 

 suprarenal is more definitely triangular than the left, and is often 

 spoken of as cocked-hat shaped, while the left is larger from above 

 downwards, and is somewhat pyramidal. They are each somewhat 

 flattened, and their two surfaces look outwards and forwards, and 

 backwards and inwards respectively. On the anterior surface of 

 each is a fissure, termed the hilum, where the vein issues. Hilum. 



In the adult they measure about one inch an a half in depth, and Size and 

 rather less in width ; and the weight of each is between one and two w< 

 drachms, but the leit is commonly larger than the right 



Areolar tissue attaches the suprarenal body to the kidney ; and Relations, 

 the vessels and nerves retain it in place. Tbe relations to surround- 

 ing parts are much the same as those of the upper end of the kidney. 

 Thus each rests on the diaphragm, as it clothes the vertebrae on both 

 sides ; while in front of the right suprarenal is the liver externally, and 

 the inferior vena cava internally ; and in front of the left the pancreas, 

 stomach and spleen, from below upwards. On the inner side of the 



