368 



DISSECTION OF THE ABDOMEN. 



difference on 

 two sides. 



Suprarenal 

 ends diffe- 

 rently on 

 each side. 



Hepatic 

 veins; before 

 noticed. 

 Lumbar 

 veins. 



Phrenic 

 veins. 



The right vein is the shorter, and usually joins the cava a little 

 lower than the other. The left vein crosses the aorta close to the 

 origin of the superior mesenteric artery ; it receives the left spermatic 

 and suprarenal veins. 



The suprarenal vein is of considerable size when it is compared 

 with the body from which it comes. The right opens into the cava, 

 and the left into the renal vein. 



The hepatic veins enter the vena cava where it is contact with 

 the liver. They are described on pp. 348 and 350. 



The lumbar veins correspond in number and course with the 

 arteries of the same name. They will be dissected later. 



The diaphragmatic veins (inferior), two with each artery, spring 

 from the upper surface of the diaphragm. They join the cava either 

 as one trunk or two. 



Psoas 

 magnus : 

 situation ; 

 origin from 

 lumbar 

 vertebrae ; 



insertion 

 into femur ; 



relations in 

 front, 



behind, 



of outer 

 border, 



of inner 

 border ; 



lumbar 

 nerves in its 

 substance ; 

 use to bend 

 hip-joint 



DEEP MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMEN. 



The deep muscles in the interior of the abdomen are the psoas, 

 iliacus, and quadratus lumbomm. 



The PSOAS MAGNUS (fig. 138, F.) reaches from the lumbar vertebrae 

 to the femur, and is situated in the abdomen and in the thigh. 



The muscle arises from the front of the transverse processes of 

 the lumbar vertebrae, from the bodies and intervertebral discs of 

 the last dorsal and all the lumbar vertebrae by five fleshy pieces 

 each piece being connected with the intervertebral substance and 

 the borders of two contiguous vertebrae, and from tendinous bands 

 over the blood-vessels opposite the middle of the vertebras. The 

 fibres give rise to a roundish belly, which gradually diminishes 

 towards Poupart's ligament, and ends below in a tendon on the 

 outer aspect, which receives also most of the fibres of the iliacus, 

 and passes beneath Poupart's ligament to be inserted into the small 

 trochanter of the femur. 



The abdominal part of the muscle has the following relations : 

 In front are the internal arched ligament of the diaphragm, the 

 kidney with its vessels and duct, the spermatic vessels and the 

 genito-crural nerve, and, near Poupart's ligament, the ending of the 

 external iliac artery : beneath these, the muscle is covered by the 

 inner part of the iliac fascia. Behind, the muscle is in contact with 

 the transverse processes of the vertebrae, with the quadratus lurn- 

 borum, and with the hip-bone. 



The outer border touches the quadratus and iliacus ; and branches 

 of the lumbar plexus issue from beneath it. The inner border is 

 partly connected to the vertebrae, and is partly free along the margin 

 of the pelvis ; along the attached part of this border lies the 

 sympathetic nerve, with the cava on the right, and the aorta on the 

 left side ; along the free or pelvic part are the external iliac vessels. 

 The nerves of the lumbar plexus lie between the slips of origin from 

 the transverse processes. 



Action. If the femur is free to move it is raised towards the 



