410 



DISSECTION OF THE PELVIS. 



addition 

 to it. 



Strata are 

 joined. 



Fibrous 

 coat. 



Open the 

 bladder. 



Mucous coat 



has folds 

 except at 

 one part. 



Interior of 

 the bladder. 



Opening of 

 urethra, 



point. At the back of the bladder the layer is increased in strength 

 by the longitudinal fibres of the ureters blending with it. 



The muscular strata communicate freely, so that one cannot be 



separated from another with- 

 out division of the connecting 

 bundles of fibres. In both 

 sexes the disposition of the 

 fibres is similar (Roy. Med. 

 Chir. Trans. 1856). 



Fibrous or submucous coat. 

 A fibrous layer is placed 

 between the muscular and 

 mucous strata, and is enume- 

 rated as one of the coats of 

 the bladder ; it is composed, 

 as in other hollow viscera, of 

 areolar and elastic tissues, in 

 which the vessels and nerves 

 ramify. 



Dissection. The bladder 

 is now to be opened by an 

 incision along the part of the 

 upper and along the anterior 

 surface ; and the cut is to be 

 carefully continued down the 

 front of the prostate gland in 

 the middle line, so as to open 

 the prostatic portion of the 

 urethra. 



The mucous membrane of 

 the bladder is of a pale rose 

 colour in the healthy state 

 soon after death. It is con- 

 tinuous above with the lining 

 of the ureters, and below with 

 that of the urethra. It is 

 very slightly united to the 

 muscular layer ; and it is 

 thrown into numerous folds 

 in the flaccid state of the 

 viscus, except over a small 

 triangular space behind the 

 urethral opening. 



Objects inside the bladder. 



Fio. 152. MCJSCULAR FIBRES OF THE 

 BLADDER, PROSTATE, AND URETHRA. 



1. External or longitudinal fibres of 

 the bladder. 



2. Circular fibres of the middle coat. 



3. Submucous layer. 



4. Muscular layer around the urethra. 



5. Circular fibres of the prostate and 

 urethra continuous with the circular of 

 the bladder. 



6. 7. Septum of the corpus spon- 

 giosum. 



8. Corpus spongiosum. 



9. Corpus cavernosuni. 



10. Ureter. 



Within the bladder are the 



following special parts, viz., the orifices of the ureters and urethra, 

 With the triangular surface (fig. 154, p. 414). 



Orifices. At the lower part of the bladder is the orifice of the 

 urethra, surrounded by the prostate gland. The mucous membrane 

 presents here some longitudinal folds ; and the aperture is partly 



