568 



DISSECTION OF THE FACE. 



A fibrous 

 layer. 



A fibrous 

 plate forms 

 part of the 

 lid: 



difference in 

 the two lids. 



Ligaments 

 of eyelids 

 attach tarsal 

 plates. 



Sebaceous 

 tubes in lid 



their 



structure. 



Tendon of 



levator 



palpebne. 



Mucous 

 lining of lid. 



Caruncle 



The palpebral fascia is a thin fibrous layer, which is continued 

 from the margin of the orbit to join the anterior surface of the 

 fibrous tarsal plate. At the inner part of the orbit it is thin and 

 loose, but at the outer part it is somewhat thicker and stronger. 



The fibrous plates (tarsi), one for each eyelid, are elongated 

 transversely, and give strength to the lids. Each is fixed internally 

 and externally by fibrous bands the tarsal or palpebral ligaments, 

 to the margin of the orbit. The border corresponding with the 

 edge of the lid is free, and thicker than the rest of the plate. On 

 the deep surface each tarsus is lined by the conjunctiva. 



The tarsi are not alike in the two lids. In the upper eyelid, 

 where the fibrous plate is larger, it is crescentic in shape, and is 

 nearly half an inch wide in the centre ; and to its fore part 

 the tendon of the levator palpebrse is attached. In the lower 

 lid the tarsus is a narrow band, about one-sixth of an inch broad, 

 with nearly straight borders. 



The internal tarsal ligament (tendo palpebrarum) is a small 

 fibrous band at the inner side of the orbit, which serves to fix the 

 lids, and is attached to the anterior margin of the lachrymal groove 

 in the upper jaw. It is about a quarter of an inch long, and 

 divides into two processes, which are united with- the tarsal plates, 

 one to each. This ligament crosses the lachrymal sac, behind which 

 it sends a fibrous expansion ; and the fleshy fibres of the orbicularis 

 palpebrarum arise from it. The external tarsal ligament is a much 

 weaker band uniting the tarsi to the malar bone. 



The Meibomian or tarsal glands are embedded in the substance of 

 the tarsal plates, and can be readily seen through the conjunctiva 

 on the posterior surface of the lids. They extend, parallel to one 

 another, from the free towards the opposite margin of the tarsus ; 

 and their number is about thirty in the upper, and twenty in the 

 lower lid. The apertures of the glands open in a line at the free 

 border of the lid near the posterior edge. 



Each gland is a small yellowish tube, closed at one end, and 

 having minute lateral csecal appendages connected with it. The 

 secretion is similar to that of the sebaceous glands of the skin. 



If the palpebral fascia be cut through in the upper lid, the tendon 

 of the levator palpebrce will be seen to be inserted into the fore part 

 of the tarsus by a wide aponeurotic expansion. 



The conjunctiva, or mucous membrane, lines the interior of the 

 lids, from which it is reflected to the front of the eyeball. The 

 line of reflection is known as the fornix conjunctiva}, and is placed, 

 above and below, some distance beyond the convex margin of the 

 tarsus. Inside the lids the conjunctiva is inseparably united to the 

 tarsi, and has numerous fine papillae. At the free margin of the 

 lids it joins the skin, and through the lachrymal canals and nasal 

 duct it is continuous with the pituitary membrane of the nose. 



Between the eyeball and the inner commissure of the lids is 

 seen a prominent and fleshy-looking body caruncula lachrymalis 

 (fig. 207, 4 ), which contains a group of glands, and has a few 

 minute hairs on its surface. External to the caruncle is a small 



