BRANCHES OF THE EXTERNAL CAROTID. 605 



The FACIAL ARTERY (</) arises above the lingual ; and is directed Facial 

 upward* over the lower jaw to the face. In the neck the artery ar 

 passes under the digastric and stylo-hyoid muscles, and then beneath 

 the submaxillary gland, under cover of which it makes a sigmoid 

 turn. Its anatomy in the face has been given already (pp. 557 et seq.). supplies 

 From the cervical part branches are given to the pharynx, and to S^US? 8 

 .structures, below the jaw, viz. : 



a. The inferior or amending palatine branch ascends to the pharynx to the 

 beneath the jaw, passing between the stylo-glossus and stylo-pharyn- i )alate > 

 p-us muscles, and is distributed to the soft palate, which it reaches 

 by turning over the upper border of the superior constrictor 

 muscle. Its place in the palate is frequently supplied by an offset 

 of the ascending pharyngeal artery. 



6. The tonsillar branch is smaller than the preceding, and passes tonsil, 

 between the internal pterygoid and stylo-glossus muscles. Opposite 

 the tonsil it perforates the superior constrictor muscle, and ends 

 in offsets to that body. 



c. Glandular branches are supplied to the submaxillary gland submaxii- 

 from the part of the artery in contact with it. 



/?. The submental branch arises near the inferior maxilla, and myio-hyoid 

 courses forwards on the mylo-hyoid muscle to the anterior telly 3JS? 1 " an(l 

 of the digastric, where it ends in offsets : some of these turn 

 over the jaw to the chin and lower lip ; and the rest supply 

 the muscles between the jaw and the hyoid bone, one or two 

 perforating the mylo-hyoid and anastomosing with the sublingual 

 artery. 



The facial vein (p. 559) joins the internal jugular. In the cervical Facial vein, 

 part of its course it receives branches corresponding to the offsets of 

 the artery ; and it frequently sends a considerable branch downwards 

 to join the anterior jugular vein. 



The OCCIPITAL ARTERY springs from the carotid opposite the Occipital 

 facial branch, near the lower border of the digastric muscle, and artery 

 ascends to the inner side of the mastoid process. Here it turns 

 backwards in the occipital groove of the temporal bone, passing 

 above the transverse process of the atlas, and then runs between the ends on 

 muscles attached to the occipital bone, to become cutaneous and occi i )Ut 5 

 ramify over the back of the head (p. 503). In the part of its 

 course now exposed the artery lies beneath the digastric muscle, 

 and crosses over the internal carotid artery, the internal jugular 

 vein, and the spinal accessory and hypoglossal nerves. 



The occipital artery gives small branches to the surrounding a stemo- 

 muscles, and one larger branch to the sterno-mastoid, which bends 

 downwards over the hypoglossal and enters the muscle in company 

 with the spinal accessory nerve : this branch frequently arises sometimes a 

 directly from the external carotid. In. some bodies there is also a P ost ? r ^ or 

 small meningeal branch entering the skull by the jugular foramen. 

 The offsets at the back of the neck are seen in. the dissection of that 

 region (p. 532). 



The occipital reins are two or three in number, and piss down- Occipital 

 wards between the muscles of the back of the neck to enter the deep vems ' 



