ESTIMATE OF INCREASE IN HORSES 77 



embarking in cattle-raising would be, to all intents 

 and purposes, range-stock by the third year, at all 

 events ; but their calves will still require careful 

 attention through the winter. 



After the age of seven or eight years, when any 

 of your cows miss calving (or in the event of your 

 wishing to stop the increase of your bunch for any 

 reason), it would be best to spay them, in order 

 to more readily fatten them for beef. Two-year- 

 olds can also be spayed with great advantage, and 

 will fatten as well as, if not better than, steers, 

 should your bunch become too large for proper 

 management. They lay on fat at once after this 

 operation. 



The period of gestation for cows is forty weeks. 



Horses. 



Horses that have been bred in the Western parts 

 of Canada are little trouble to rear. In fact, the 

 more they are left to their own devices, and not 

 pampered, the better. This would not apply to 

 those imported from Great Britain or Australia (for 

 climatic reasons), or to stallions, geldings, and mares 

 from the Eastern Provinces, where they have been 

 accustomed to greater care and luxury. 



The percentage to allow for possible losses of 



12 



