MENTAL STATES AND PROCESSES. 57 



Discoursing on his own classification, Mr. Romanes 

 tells us* that his first division (simple, particular, or 

 concrete ideas) " has to do only with what are called 

 percepts." This term we cannot allow to pass uncom- 

 mented on. The term "percept" should be used to 

 denote a thing " perceived," and intellectually perceived ; 

 since intellectual perception is alone really perception in 

 the proper sense of that word. It may be loosely used 

 to denote a mere sensuous discrimination ; but it should 

 then be distinguished by some qualifying, limiting term. 

 Thus, as we have said, this passage is an exceedingly 

 ambiguous one. Mr. Romanes's term includes two 

 classes which differ toto ccelo — namely, (i) sensuous 

 perceptions, and (2) intellectual perceptions of individual 

 concrete objects or actions, or of affections of the in- 

 dividual who perceives. 



His intermediate class of" recepts " he very strangely 

 considers a terra incognita which he has discovered 

 and named for the first time, forgetting that we have 

 spoken of them as "sensuous universals," and not know- 

 ing that they were dis^tinguished six hundred years 

 ago, and have been so again and again since, under the 

 title of Universalia SensiUr t Indeed, he distinctly 



* P- 35. 



t By St. Thonias Aquinas, and other Scholastics. We may 

 refer Mr. Romanes to Quaestio LXXVIII. articulus iv., entitled, 

 " Utrum interiores sensus convenienter distinguantur," of Aquinas's 

 *' Summa Theologica," for a treatment of this so-called " terra 

 incognita." Further, we may refer him to Quaestio 34 of the " Ques- 

 tiones Philosophical*' of Father Maurus, S.J. (who died 1687), and 

 to a recent work, Kleutgen's " Philosophic Scolastique " (Gaume 

 Freres, Paris, 1868), vol. i. pp. 62-65. The problems of cerebration 

 investigated by Prof. Ferrier, and the speculative theories of Prof. 



