I20 THE ORIGIN OF HUMAN REASON. 



CHAPTER III. 



REASON AND LANGUAGE. 



Mr. Romanes having in the first section of his work 

 (first five chapters) assumed that animals have percep- 

 tions (not merely sensitive affections) similar to our 

 own, tries in his next section (chapters v.-ix.) to show 

 that there is no essential difference between the lan- 

 guage of man and that of animals. He tries to show 

 this by representing not only that words, but that 

 special modes of expressing them, were necessary ante- 

 cedents for self-conscious expression on the one hand, 

 and on the other, that the brute creation by sounds 

 and gestures can express ideas, and truly communicate 

 a knowledge of the facts to which their ideas relate. 



In his fifth chapter, on Language, Mr. Romanes does 

 us the honour to adopt our own classification * of its 

 various categories, adding a seventh category for all 



* Taken from our " Lessons from Nature," p. 83. It may be 

 convenient to our readers to present here the same classification 

 as more recently expressed by us (" On Truth," p. 235), which is 

 as follows : — 



Language consists of two kinds — the language of feeling, and 

 the language of the intellect. Of the mere language of the emo- 

 tions and of feeling we may have — 



(i) Sounds which are neither articulate nor rational, such as 

 cries of pain, or the murmur of a mother to her infant. 



(2) Sounds which are articulate but not rational, such as many 



