152 PROPERTIES OF ANTI-SERUM TO SERUM 



was obtained. With the precipitin test analogous differences 

 were obtained a slight precipitate was given by 0-000,1 c.c. 

 of both sera, more distinct in the case of the ox's serum ; 

 a doubtful trace of precipitate with 0-000,01 c.c. of ox's 

 serum, and no precipitate with 0-000,01 c.c. of sheep's serum. 

 These results also as regards precipitation are in accordance 

 with those obtained by Nuttall. In the case, therefore, of 

 ox's and sheep's serum as tested by anti-ox serum there is a 

 close parallelism between results obtained by the deviation 

 and the precipitation tests. 



It may also be mentioned that of a number of sera tested 

 with an anti-goat serum, Moreschi found that the only one, 

 besides the goat's serum, which gave a deviation result was 

 ox's serum. 



Although our observations on this subject have been as 

 yet comparatively restricted in scope, they have been 

 sufficient to show a harmony in the results brought out by 

 the two methods. It is quite likely that in a more extended 

 inquiry, one method might, in certain instances, bring out 

 differences with regard to blood relationships which the 

 other fails to do (as for example we found in a comparison 

 of the serum of the chimpanzee and the serum of the 

 macacus monkey). 



With regard to the application of the deviation test to 

 forensic purposes, we have practically nothing to add to what 

 has been stated by Neisser and Sachs. It is an important 

 adjuvant to the precipitin method, and will undoubtedly be 

 of great service when there is any cloudiness in the fluid to 

 be tested ; the non-occurrence of haemolysis is a phenomenon 

 so much more easily appreciated than the formation of 

 a slight precipitate. Undoubtedly also the deviation 

 method is considerably more delicate, and Friedberger in 

 the paper above quoted points out that its extreme delicacy, 

 when a very powerful anti-serum is obtained, may be a 

 source of fallacy, as he has obtained reactions with human 



