61 



known, a bulbous swelling at the base, and the resting buds 

 on this are well protected both against drought and cold. I 

 have always found the ears viviparous. Other grasses of 

 importance are: Apera interrupta, Trisetum Gaudinianum, Fes- 

 tuca ciliata, Nardurus tenuifoliiis, Koeleria phleoides, Triticum 

 Aegilops and orientale, Agropyrum squarrosum, Schismus mi- 

 nut us, Bromus tectorum, oxyodon and Danthoniae, Hordeum 



Fig. 4. Semi-desert at Chawast N. E. of Samarkand. In the foreground 



half-withered leaf rosettes of Ferula Asa foetida. Artemisia sp. dominant, 



with Poa bulbosa, Haplopyllnm lasianthum, Carum tiirkestanicum, Eremo- 



slachys labiosa. Month of May. 



Crinitum and secallnum, Boissiera bromoides. All these grasses 

 are annuals, rather low-growing, scarcely a foot high, and 

 with flat leaves. 



The "flowering herbs" include a number of annuals. The 

 poppies first attract the eye: Roemeria rhoeadiflora, Papaver 

 arenarium and pavoninum. Then one sees a great number of 

 Cruciferae (Malcolmia africana and Bungei, Alyssum margina- 

 tum and linifolium, Sisymbrium-species, Goldbachia laevigata, 

 Leptaleum filifolium, Cryptospord falcata, Euclidium syriacum, 

 Chorispora tenella); also Boragineae (Anchusa hispida, Arnebia 



