159 



percentages give the top line in table 3, so that this is the 

 "biological spectrum" of the territory. It shows, that the 



Table 3. 



!) Inclusive of 3 e /o stem-succulents. 



2 ) Inclusive of 1% stem-succulents and 3% epiphytes. 



Therophytes are the most abundant growth-form, then follow 

 the Hemicryptophytes and the Fanerophytes. The other 

 series of numbers ("spectra") are inserted for comparison. 

 The first two series are prepared from my own calculations: 

 Yekaterinoslaw according to BEKETOF'S Flora, and Pamir 

 from O. FEDTSCHENKO'S "Flore du Pamir" with supplements, 

 and additions of my own. The others, namely Death Valley 

 (in western North-America), Samos, the Libyan desert and 

 Cyrenaica (Barka), and the "Normal Spectrum" I have quoted 

 from RAUNKLER (1908 p. 55). The "Normal Spectrum" is the 

 biological spectrum for 400 species taken at random from a 

 list of the plants of the whole earth, it should accordingly 

 be the spectrum of the whole earth. If we now compare it 

 with the spectrum of Transcaspia it will be seen that the 

 latter has proportionately a much larger number of Thero- 

 phytes and a much smaller number of Fanerophytes than 

 the earth as a whole, the other deviations being less important. 

 Transcaspia thus lies outside the region of Fanerophytes, 

 the region with a fanerophytic climate i. e. a tropical climate 

 with abundant precipitation. 



