- 231 



shoots have short internodes and many small knotted lateral 

 shoots with the leaves arranged in rosettes. The leaves stand 

 close together and are ovate-lanceolate with a small spinose 

 point. 



Anabasis salsa (C. A. M.) (Brachylepis). 



This species occurs on clayey or stony and saline soil. 

 Its habit is shown in fig. 56. It is an undershrub-chamae- 

 phyte, with slightly branched year -shoots which die off 

 almost down to the surface of the ground. They are richly 

 furnished with flowers which arise in the axils of the small 

 opposite scale leaves. The flowers are out in July or August. 

 The fruit is somewhat fleshy, it is surrounded by the non- 

 w r inged perianth. 



The assimilating stem is constructed after the ordinary 

 centric type of the Chenopodiaceae. The epidermal tissue 

 consists of three layers, of which the inner layer is a thin- 

 walled "crystal-layer". The stomata are slightly sunk. A 

 ring of palisade cells surrounds the starch-sheath and within 

 this is an aqueous tissue 

 with large crystal-cells and 

 the veins. 



Anabasis aphylla L. 



This species is a salt- 

 plant like the previous one 

 and relationship is also shown 

 as regards shoot -structure. 

 In its fruit A. aphylla is a 

 true Anabasis, the leaves of 

 the perianth being broadly 

 winged and the fruit dry. 



Arthrophytum subuli- 

 folium Schrenk. 

 An undershrub growing 

 on firm soils. It probably does 



Fig. 57. Arthrophytum subiiUfoliiim. A, 

 leaf in transverse section; Ne, vein; 

 Ski., sclerenchyma (black); W, aqueous 

 tissue; St, starch-sheath; Pal, palisade 

 cells; Dr, crystal-layer; Ep, epidermis. 

 B, Part of transverse section of a 

 young branch showing epidermis, hy- 

 poderm with crystal-cells, palisade cells 

 and starch-sheath. A, X 47 ; B, X 203. 



