FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS. 121 



cylindrical body, as contrasted with the plump, 

 compressed body and tapering tail of the Trout 

 Family. Or compare, among Insects, the Hawk- 

 Moths with the Diurnal Butterfly, or with the so- 

 called Miller, or, among Crustacea, the com 

 mon Crab with the Sea-Spider, or the Lobsters 

 with the Shrimps, or, among Worms, the 

 Leeches with the Earth- Worms, or, among 

 Mollusks, the Squids with the Cuttle-Fishes, or 

 the Snails with the Slugs, or the Periwinkles 

 with the Limpets and Conchs, or the Clam with 

 the so-called Venus, or the Oyster with the Mother- 

 of-Pearl shell, everywhere, throughout the Ani- 

 mal Kingdom, difference of form points at differ- 

 ence of Families. 



There is a chapter in the Natural History of 

 Animals that has hardly been touched upon as 

 yet, and that will be especially interesting with 

 reference to Families. The voices of animals have 

 a family character not to be mistaken. All the 

 Canidse bark and howl : the Fox, the Wolf, the 

 Dog have the same kind of utterance, though on 

 a somewhat different pitch. All the Bears growl, 

 from the White Bear of the Arctic snows to the 

 small Black Bear of the Andes. All the Cats 

 miau, from our quiet fireside companion to the 

 Lions and Tigers and Panthers of the forest and 

 jungle. This last may seem a strange assertion ; 

 but to any one who has listened critically to their 



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