Southeastern Washington and Adjacent Idaho. 93 



Galium sp., Asarum caudatum, Anemone piperi, Pyrola bracteata, 

 Cytherea bulbosa, and species of Vagnera, all found here, are 

 typical plants of the moister slopes, and contrast markedly with 

 Calamagroftis rubescens, Bromus marginatus, Pteridium aqui- 

 linum pubescens, Pentstemon pinetorum, Astragalus mortoni, Aster 

 conspicuus, Anaphalis margaritacea occidentals, Antennaria 

 racemosa, Pedicularis racemosa, and Berberis repens, found on 

 the' more open south mountain side. 



Cut-over areas in the northeast part of the region, where as 

 a result of fires lodgepole pine is frequently abundant, showed in 

 addition to the usual herbaceous and shrubby growth and tree 

 seedlings of all the common tree species, a frequent dominance of 

 Pinus murrayana. The numerical dominance is a result of its 

 prolific seeding habit, brush fires being sufficient to open many 

 of the cones, while its rapid height-growth makes it stand out 

 prominently when mixed with other species. The developmental 

 history of such areas will be considered under reforestation of 

 burns. 



A report of the study of the natural reforestation of burned 

 areas in the mountains of northern Idaho has already been made 

 (6). Although much of the area there included lies outside of 

 the boundaries of the present investigation, still conditions are so 

 similar that a brief statement may be included here. 



During the month of August, 1910, the greater part of northern 

 Idaho and much of eastern Montana was swept by one of the 

 most extensive and destructive forest fires ever experienced in 

 that part of the country. In many heavily wooded canyons the 

 draft was so violent during the fire and the heat so intense as to 

 destroy every vestige of life above ground. 



The town of St. Maries, Idaho, lies against the slopes of foot- 

 hills, which, prior to 1910, were covered with a more or less mixed 

 forest of coniferous trees comprising the following species : Pseu- 

 dotsuga mucronata, in practically all situations ; Pinus ponderosa, 

 abundant on south slopes and in exposed and rocky situations ; 

 Larix occidentalis associated with Abies grandis and Pseudo- 

 tsuga; Pinus monticola and Thuja plicata accompanied by indi- 



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