CONTENTS. IX 



PAGE 



SECT. III. Instruments used in Horticulture .... 137 



409. Garden knives. 410. Bill-knives, or hedge-bills. 411. Prun- 

 ing-saws. 412. Pruning-chisels. 413. Shears. 414. The axe. 415. 

 Verge shears. 416. Grass shears. 417. The short grass scythe. 418. 

 Other instruments. 419. Chests of tools, and instruments. 



SECT. IV. Utensils used in Horticulture . . ... 142 



420. Earthenware pots for plants. 421. Porosity. 422. Earthen- 

 ware saucers for pots. 423. Rectangular boxes. 424. Wooden tubs. 

 425. Watering-pots. 426. Money's inverted rose watering-pot. 427. 

 Sieves and screens. 428. Carrying utensils. 429. Baskets. 430. 

 Basket-making. 431. Carrying-baskets. 432. Measuring-baskets. 433. 

 Baskets for growing plants. 434. Portable glass utensils. 435. Sub- 

 stitute for bell glasses. 436. Powdering boxes. 437. Other utensils. 



SECT. V. Machines used in Horticulture . . , .153 



438. Wheelbarrows for gardens. 439. Rollers. 440. The watering 

 engines. 441. Garden bellows. 442. The mowing-machine. 443. 

 Other machines. 



SECT. VI. Miscellaneous articles used in Horticulture . . . 158 



444. Articles for protection. 445. Mats of straw or reeds. 446. 

 Wooden shutters. 447. Asphalte covers. 448. Oiled paper frames. 

 449. Oiled paper caps. 450. Wicker-work hurdles. 451. Props for 

 plants. 452. The durability of wooden props. 453. Garden tallies 

 and labels. 454. Nails, lists, and ties. 455. The garden line. 456. 

 Ladders. 457. A levelling instrument. 458. Thermometers. 459. 

 A hydrometer. 460. Other articles. 



CHAPTER II. 



STRUCTURES AND EDIFICES OF HORTICULTURE .... 171 

 SECT. I. Portable, Temporary, and Movable Structures . . . 171 



461. Wicker-work structures. 462. Portable substitutes for hand- 

 glasses. 463. Canvas coverings. 464. Canvas shades to hothouses. 

 465. The common hotbed frame. 



SECT. II. Fixed Structures used in Horticulture . . . 176 

 SUBSECT. I. Walls, Espalier rails, and Trellis work . . . 176 



466. Walls. 467. Direction and material. 468. The materials of 

 walls. 469. The height of garden walls. 470. The foundations. 471. 

 The copings of walls. 472. On the construction of walls. 473. Trel- 

 lised walls. 474. Colouring the surface of walls black. 475. Flued 

 walls. 476. Conservatory walls. 477. A substitute for a wall of brick. 

 478. Espalier rails. 479. Trellises and lattice-work. 



SUBSECT. II Fixed Structures for growing Plants with Glass roofs . 187 



480. Plant houses. 481. Situation. 482. The form. 483. Cur- 

 vilineal roofs. 484. Ridge and furrow roofs. 485. Materials. 486. 

 The law of the reflection of light from glass. 487. Iron roofs. 488. 

 Heat. 489. Fermenting substances. 490. Fermenting materials and 

 fire heat combined. 491. Heating from vaults, or from stacks of flues. 

 492. Flues. 493. The best materials for building flues. 494. The 

 furnace. 495. On substitutes for smoke flues. 496. Steam. 497. 

 Hot water. 498. The modes of heating by hot water. 499. A reser- 

 voir of heat. 500. The pipes. 501. The situation in which the pipes 

 are placed. 502. The boiler. 503. The furnace. 504. Rogers's co- 

 nical boiler and hot-water apparatus. 505. Rain-water. 506. To pre- 

 vent the water in the apparatus from freezing. 507. Open gutters. 

 508. Retaining heat by coverings. 509. Atmospheric moisture. 510. 

 Steaming. 511. Ventilation. 512. The agitation. 513. Light. 513. 

 Water. 514. The different kinds of fixed structures for plants. 515. 



