UTENSILS USED IN HORTICULTURE. 147 



The first and largest spout, a, is fixed to the body of the pot in such 



a manner as not to get easily out of repair : this is effected by filling up 



the angle between the spout and the pot by a hollow compartment, with 



iron sides, &, in the top of which are two openings, c, and d; the larger, c, for 



holding the middle Jfl 



piece of the spout 



when not in use, or the 



larger rose; and the 



other, d, for holding 



the smaller rose. The 



larger rose, e, is used 



without the middle 



piece of the spout, and 



it delivers the water 



upwards ; and the 



smaller rose,/, which 



can only be used with 



the middle tube of the Fi S- ^ &<>*&* inverted-rose watering-pot. 



spout, delivers the water downwards, exactly over the object or space to be 

 watered. The screw-joints by which the roses are attached to the spouts 

 are perfectly water-tight, and being made of copper are not liable to rust 

 and get out of repair. The advantage of using the roses in inverted positions 

 is, that the action of the water is more definite ; and of using them with the 

 face of the rose upwards, that the shower produced comes down more gently. 

 For watering small seeds in pots, the holes in the roses ought not to exceed 

 the fiftieth part of an inch in diameter. One watering-pot of this descrip- 

 tion may be kept for select purposes, and for the use of amateurs or ladies; but 

 for open air gardening the common zinc watering-pot, with a fixed rose, 

 is quite sufficient; adding, for more refined purposes, the pot fig. 62, a. 



427. Sieves for sifting soil, and screens of wire for separating the larger 

 stones and roots from soil to be used in potting, are required in most gardens. 

 The screen, fig. 64, is not only used for mould, but also for gravel, and some- 

 times for tan. It consists of a wooden frame 

 filled in with parallel wires half an inch apart, 

 surrounded by a rim of three or four inches in 

 breadth, and supported by hinged props, which 

 admit of placing the screen at any required 

 angle. The soil to be screened must be dry and 

 well broken by the spade before it is thrown on 

 Fig. 64. Wire screen, for toil, old the screen. For gravel two screens are some- 

 tan, or gravel. times required ; one with the wires half an inch 



apart, to separate the sand and small gravel from the stones ; and another, 

 with the wires one inch apart, to separate the larger stones from the smaller 

 ones; those which pass through the screen being of the fittest size for approach- 

 roads and carriage- drives ; while the largest stones which do not pass through 

 are adapted for common cart roads. In small gardens sieves may be substi- 

 tuted for screens. The smallest may have the meshes a fourth of an inch in 

 diameter, and the larger half an inch. The wire of the smaller sieves should 

 always be of copper, but of the larger sieves and of screens it may be of iron. 

 428. Carrying utensils are sometimes wanted in gardens, though flower- 

 pots, baskets, and wheelbarrows, form very good substitutes. The mould- 

 scuttle is a box of any convenient shape of wood or iron, with a hoop-formed 



