168 



MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES USED IN HORTICULTURE. 



455. The garden-line^ fig. 101, consisting of an iron reel, a y 

 knob for winding it up, 6, iron pin, c, and a hempen cord of 

 any convenient length, is an essential article ; as is a measur- 

 ing-rod, marked with feet and inches, for laying off dimen- 

 sions ; and aGunter's measuring chain, for use on a large scale. 

 A pocket foot-rule and a measuring-tape are also useful. 



456. Ladders of different kinds and lengths are required 

 for use in the open garden and in hothouses. Figs. 102 

 and 103 represent a light folding ladder, the sides of which 

 Fig. 101. iron reel Mid may be constructed of yellow deal, and the rounds or treads 

 pin for* garden-line. of oak It is uged in hothouses and also in the open garden, 

 and may he of any length, fromfifteen to thirty feet. When the ladder is open, 

 for use, it has the appearance shown in fig. 103, d ; when half shut, of e ; and 



Fig. 102. Portable ladder shut. 



Fig. 103. Portable ladder open. 



when entirely shut, of fig. 102. The section of each of the sides, or styles, 

 is a semi-oval ; their junction, when the ladder is shut up, forms an entire 

 oval in the section, as shown in fig. 102. The rounds, or treads, are cylin- 

 drical ; and, when the ladder is shut up, they fall into grooves, hollowed out, 

 of the same form ; half of the groove of each round being hi one style, and 

 half in the other, as indicated by the dotted lines, , 6, hi fig. 1 02. The 

 ends of each of the rounds turn on iron pins ; one end rests on a shoulder, as 

 at a, while the other end is suspended from below the shoulder, and turns on 

 an iron or brass phi, as indicated by b. The ends of the iron pins which pass 

 through the styles are slightly riveted. In every description of plant-houses, 

 vineries, verandas, conservatories, aviaries, &c., a folding-ladder of this kind 



