TRAINING. 371 



the tree. From a tree trained in this manner above seven hundred per- 

 fectly ripened peaches have been gathered the fifth year of training, all 

 growing within six feet of the surface of the border. When a tree is full 

 grown, it will have the appearance of fig. 303. Particular attention must 



be paid to the 

 rubbing off all 

 or most of the 

 " shoots, as soon 

 as they appear in 

 the spring, from 

 the front and 

 under sides of 

 the horizontals, 

 as, well as from 

 all other parts of 

 the tree where 

 young wood is 

 not wanted." 

 {Hay ward on the 

 Fruitfalnessand 

 Barrenness of 

 Fig. 303. Wavy-training t completed. Plants and 



Tree*, <$c., 1834.) To Mr. Hayward's directions, the observations which 

 we have made on some trees trained in this manner enabl e us to su gg es t, 

 that a sufficient number of shoots and leaves should be left on the mam 

 stems, for the purpose of strengthening them and the roots. For this pur- 

 pose, it will be advisable to leave some shoots on the stems, even where they 

 are not ultimately wanted, till such time as the ramification f the top 

 affords a sufficient breadth of foliage for strengthening them. The stems, in 

 their naked state, are also liable to be scorched by the rays of the sun, un- 

 less they are protected, either by a covering or screen of some kind, or by 

 training down some of the shoots, so as that the foliage may overhang them. 

 A similar objection may be made to Hitt's mode of training with two stems, 

 which may be considered the parent of Mr. Hayward's mode. 



805. Wavy fan-training with a single stem will readily be understood. On 

 planting, if the stem is without branches, cut it back to three buds ; but if it 

 has already three shoots, shorten the centre one to nine inches or a foot, 

 according to the kind of tree, and leave only three buds at its upper ex- 

 tremity, laying in the side shoots as in fig. 304. In like manner after next 



years growth shorten the centre 

 shoot, and lay in the two side shoots 

 as before, and proceed in this manner 

 till the wall is filled, or till the tree 

 has the appearance of fig. 305. It is 

 necessary to observe, with reference 

 Fig. 304. Wavy-traininp with a single stem, first to this figure, that the length of Stem 



is for the purpose of admitting a single 



shoot of a vine, to be trained horizontally below it, a mode which Mr. Hay- 

 ward finds to be productive of early and abundant crops. In wavy fan-training 

 with a single stem which is short, Mr. Hayward observes, " It will be dif- 

 ficult to prevent the horizontal branches near the centre of the tree from 



