TRAINING. 



375 



Fig. 316. Half-fan traini 

 second stage. 



cularly. This process answers well for pears, vines, or any other rank- 

 growing tree. (G, M., vol. viii. p. 530.) A similar mode of training haa 



been adopted by 



Mr. Smith of 



Hope ton House, 



for the finer ap- 

 ples and best 



late pears, and 



is thus described 



by him: fig. 315 



represents a tree 



one year from 



the graft, newly planted, and afterwards 

 cut down to two buds on each shoot. 



-n. o-i/, .1 j. Fig. 317. Half-fan training, third stage. 



Fig. 316 represents the same tree two 



years old, and fan-trained. Fig. 317, the same tree three years old, cut back 

 and fan-trained. Fig. 318, the same tree, six years old, fan-trained ; the 



shoots brought 

 down in a curvi- 

 linear form to the 

 horizontal direc- 

 tion; and the differ- 

 ent years' growth 

 marked one, two, 

 three, four, five, 

 six. The centre is 

 still trained in the 

 fan form, and the 

 branches are 



brought down 

 yearly; until the 

 tree reaches to the 

 top of the wall, 

 where the fan- 

 forward horizontally. 



Fig. 318. Half-fan training, sixth year. 

 training terminates, and the branches are trained 

 Nothing more is necessary than to keep the trees in good order, and to en- 

 courage the leading shoots. (G. M. x. p. 267.) 



808. Perpendicular training is comparatively little used, excepting for 

 climbing shrubs, such as roses, the vine, and the gooseberry and currant, 

 when trained against a wall or espalier rail. The principle is to have two 

 horizontal main stems on the lowest part of the wall or trellis, and to train 

 from these upright shoots at regular distances. Sometimes four horizontal 

 main stems are used two at the bottom, and the other two half way up the 

 wall or espalier ; but this mode is chiefly adopted with the vine. With the 

 exception of the latter plant and the fig, when trained in this way, the main 

 horizontal branches are very short, seldom in the case of the rose, gooseberry, 



. | _ i . _ or currant, extending more than two feet or three feet from 



each side of the stem. A young plant with two shoots may have 



these shortened to one foot each in length, and tied to the lower 

 Flg.3l9.Perpen- , . /. ,, , ,,. / 01 r rnu- i_ j 



dicuiar train- * jar or wire * the trellis, as m fig. 319. ImsbLung done in 



autumn, next year two upright shoots will be produced, and an 



