FRUIT-SHRUBS. 



429 



To be trained as espaliers, apples on crab stocks, twenty to thirty feet ; 

 cherries, fifteen to twenty feet ; pears on free stocks, twenty-five to thirty 

 feet on dwarfing stocks, twenty to twenty-five feet ; plums, twenty to 

 twenty-five feet ; mulberries, twenty to thirty feet, with gooseberries or 

 currants as temporary plants between ; quinces, medlars, and services, fifteen 

 to twenty feet ; and walnuts and sweet chestnuts, where they are tried on 

 espaliers, thirty to forty feet. 



To be trained as dwarfs, apples and pears, ten to fifteen feet ; cherries 

 and plums, ten to twelve feet. 



903. Standard fruit-trees we would on no account admit in the open 

 garden, for reasons already given. If we made any exception, it would be 

 in favour of a mulberry ; but in that case we would surround it with a circle 

 of turf, which, while it would save the dropping fruit from being injured, 

 would prevent the ground from being dry. If in any case it were absolutely 

 required to have standard fruit-trees in a walled garden, we would place 

 them in a compartment by themselves, and never dig or crop the ground 

 under them. This would be to plant an orchard within a walled garden, 

 to which we see little objection except that it would require a greater 

 extent of walling than if the orchard were exterior to the walls. 



SUBSECT. III. Fruit-Shrubs. 



904. Gooseberries and currants are frequently planted as espaliers or dwarfs 

 along the margins of walks; but to train these fruits on espaliers is to pro- 

 duce them at an unnecessary expense, unless the saving of room is a material 

 object ; and as dwarfs they are in general too low to make an effective sepa- 

 ration of the walk and its border from the interior of the compartment. They 

 are therefore, in our opinion, much better cultivated in plantations by them- 

 selves. The distance may be ten feet between the rows, and six feet 

 between the plants in the row. Gooseberries and currants require an open 

 airy situation, and a cool moist loamy soil. 



Raspberries prefer a situation somewhat shaded, as in a west or east 

 border ; or for a late crop in a north border. 



The Cranberry, where it is grown as a fruit-shrub, requires a peat soil 

 kept somewhat moist, and with the bilberry and some other wild fruits may 

 be conveniently placed in the slip. 



905. Select list of fruit-shrubs, those marked * being preferable, especially 

 for small gardens : 



Gooseberries, Red and Small Sorts. \ 

 *Red Champagne. 



* Raspberry. 



* Rough Red. 

 Red Turkey. 



Small dark, rough Red. 



* Scotch best jam. 

 Miss Bold's. 



Large Sorts. 



*Boardman's British Crown. 

 Melling's Crown Bob. 

 *Keens's Seedling. 



Hartshorn's Lancashire Lad. 

 Red Rose. 



* Leigh's Rifleman. 



* Farrow's Roaring Lion. 

 *Red Warrington. 



Gooseberries, White, Small Sorts. 



* White Crystal. 



* White Champagne. 

 *Early White. 

 White Damson. 



* White Honey. 

 *Woodward's White smith. 



F P 



