534 THE APPLE. 



add successively to those previously named, the Stunner Pippin, King of 

 the Pippins, Herefordshire Pearmain, Wormsley Pippin, Reinette du 

 Canada, Bedfordshire Foundling, Downton Nonpareil, Waltham Abbey 

 Seedling. 



1139. Apples for training against the walls or on the roofs of cottages, or 

 on the walls of cottage gardens. (See p. 471) Ribston Pippin, Old Non- 

 pareil; and if a large kitchen apple be required, the Bedfordshire Foundling. 



1140. Apples for cottage gardens in situations liable to spring frosts. 

 The Court Pendu-plat, as expanding its blossoms later in the season than 

 any other apple ; and the Northern Greening. 



1141. Apples for a cottage garden in an unfavourable climate. The Clay- 

 gate Pearmain and Sturmer Pippin are considerably hardier than the Ribston 

 Pippin. The Northern Greening is a hardy and late kitchen apple ; and 

 the Keswick Codling is a hardy autumn kitchen apple. The Hawthornden 

 comes earlier into bearing than any other variety generally cultivated ; and 

 it is to be preferred to the Keswick Codling, were it not that it is liable to 

 canker in some soils. 



1142. Apples adapted for walls of different aspects are enumerated in 

 p. 422. 



1143. Apples adapted for espaliers, dwarfs, or conical standards, are enu- 

 merated in p. 428. 



3144. Apples suitable for an orchard are enumerated in p. 431. 



1145. Apples remarkable for the form of the tree, or the beauty of the 

 blossoms or fruit. The red Astrachan has the fruit of a bright red, with a 

 fine bloom like that of a plum. The white Astrachan, or transparent crab 

 of Moscow, has the fruit of a wax colour, with a fine bloom, and it is almost 

 transparent. The black crab has small fruit which is of no use, but it is so 

 dark as almost to be black. The Lincolnshire Holland pippin is remark- 

 able for the large size of its blossoms, and the fruit keeps till February. 

 The tulip apple has fruit of a very bright red, and is a great bearer. The 

 violet apple has fruit of a violet colour, covered with a bloom like that of 

 the plum. The cherry crab is a spreading tree with drooping branches, 

 and numerous fruit about the size and colour of a large cherry. The 

 supreme crab is a more erect tree than the cherry crab, with larger fruit. 

 Bigg's everlasting crab is a vigorous-growing, round-headed tree, the 

 fruit and leaves of which remain on long after Christinas, in sheltered 

 situations. 



1146. General principles of selecting varieties of the apple. The first 

 requisite in forming a selection is to determine how far the climate, 

 soil, and situation, differ from those of the central counties of England, 

 which may be taken as those for which most of the selections above given 

 are adapted. A number of varieties which may be grown as standards in 

 the centre or the south of England, require a wall in various parts of the 

 north of England and of Scotland. The winter and spring table apples 

 may require a south wall in one district, while in another they may attain 

 equal maturity as standards or espaliers. Where there is ample room, a 

 selection of large sorts, as the Alexander and Blenheim pippin, or of such 

 as are the most beautifully coloured, as the violet, Hollandbury, &c., may 

 be made to gratify the eye ; where room is wanting, useful sorts and 

 great bearers are to be preferred, such, indeed, as are enumerated in 



