THE ORANGE FAMILY. 609 



dier, Fr.; Melangolo, Ital., has-elliptic leaves, with a winged stalk, very 

 white flowers, and middle-sized, globose, deep-yellow fruit, the pulp bitter 

 and acid. This is the hardiest variety of the orange, and that which has 

 the largest and most fragrant flowers, which are produced in great abun- 

 dance. The fruit is chiefly used in making marmalade. The tree is that 

 chiefly grown by the French gardeners for its flowers, to gather for nosegays. 

 The varieties are the horned, the female, the curled-leaved, the purple, the 

 double flowered, the Seville, the myrtle-leaved, and the Bizarre. The 

 Curkd-kaved Bigarade, le Bouquetier, Fr., Melangolo riccio, Ital. has small 

 curled leaves, and thick clusters of flowers at the ends of the branches ; the /* 

 plant is very hardy, and it is that most generally cultivated in French gar- 

 dens for its flowers, and in Italy and Spain, for both its flowers and its fruit. 

 The double-flowered Sigarade is prized on account of its fragrant double 

 flowers, which last longer than those which are single. The plant requires 

 a very rich soil. The Seville Bigarade, or Seville orange of the shops, has 

 round dark fruit, with an extremely bitter rind. It is imported from Spain, 

 and used for marmalades, bitter tinctures, candied orange-peel, and for 

 flavouring Cura9oa. The myrtle-leaved Bigarade, is said to be employed by the 

 Chinese gardeners as an edging to flower beds, in the same way as box is in 

 this country. The Bizarre Bigarade is a lusus natura, with deformed 

 leaves, purplish or white flowers, and fruit half Bigarades, and half lemons, 

 or citrons, some having the pulp sweet, and others having it acid and bitter. 



1349. The Bergamot orange, C. Bergamia, Poit., has small flowers, and 

 pear-shaped fruit, the whole plant having a peculiar fragrance, much valued 

 by the perfumer, who obtains from the flowers and rind of the fruit his 

 bergamot essences. The rind, first dried and then moistened, is pressed in 

 moulds into small boxes for holding sweetmeats, to which they communicate 

 a bergamot flavour. There are several varieties of this species in the 

 Genoese nurseries. 



1350. The Lime, C. Limetta, Poit. (Limettier, Fr.), has obovate leaves 

 on a wingless stalk, small white flowers, and roundish pale-yellow fruit with 

 a nipple-like termination. The leaves and general habit of the plant 

 resemble those of the lemon ; but the acid of the pulp of the fruit, instead 

 of being sharp and powerful, is flat and slightly bitter. It is principally 

 used in flavouring punch and in confectionery. Among the varieties are the 

 Porno d'Adamo, in which Adam is supposed to have left the marks of his 

 teeth. 



1351. The Shaddock, C. decumana, W. (Pampelmous, Fr.; Pumpelmuss, 

 Ger.; Pumpelmoes, Dutch; and Arancio massimo, Ital.) The leaves 

 are large and winged, and the flowers and fruit very large and roundish ; 

 the skin of the fruit is yellow, and the rind white and spungy ; the pulp 

 is juicy and sweetish. The plant forms an excellent stock for grafting other 

 kinds upon. The fruit makes a splendid show at table, and is found cooling 

 and refreshing. It has been grown successfully on the open wall in some 

 gardens in Devonshire, with the protection of glass and mats during the 

 winter months, but without artificial heat. M. Poiteau considers the "for- 

 bidden fruit " of the shops to be a variety of this species, but others make it 

 a variety of the lemon. 



1352. The sweet Lemon, C. Lumia, Poit. (Lumie, Fr.) The fruit has the \/ 

 leaves, the rind, and the flesh of a lemon, but with a sweet pulp. There 



are many varieties iu Italy, but very few are cultivated either in France or 



