702 APPENDIX. 



614, in p. 269. Mr. Barnes, gardener to Lady Rolle, at Bicton, mixes char- 

 coal with the soil in which he grows every kind of plant, from the cabbage and 

 the onion to heaths, pine- apples, and orchideae, and with extraordinary success. 

 The charcoal is generally broken into small pieces, say an inch or more in length, 

 and seldom thicker than a quill ; but he also uses it of a larger size, along with 

 drainage materials, and, when sown along with seeds, in a state of powder. See 

 the history and details of this practice in Card. Mag. for 1842. We were not 

 aware of Mr. Barnes's discovery till after the last sheet of this work was printed, 

 otherwise we should have introduced a notice of it in its proper place. See p. 706. 



650 in p. 287. It is of great consequence that the graft and stock should be 

 pressed closely together, in order that the first emission of cambium from the 

 stock should come in contact immediately with the inner bark and albumen of the 

 graft. When grafts are taken off, and tied on in a growing state, the wood of the 

 graft clings and dries ; having no roots to feed it, it shrinks from the stock, leaving 

 an empty space, and before it is filled up, unless the stock is very vigorous, the 

 graft dies. This might be obviated by grafting before the sap rises, but grafts will 

 not succeed till the flow of sap has begun to rise briskly ; late grafting always suc- 

 ceeds best ; and, hence, the grafts when taken off before growth commences, and 

 kept moist till the stock begins to grow, always succeed best, as they experience no 

 checks. Much of the success of grafting, however, depends on the state of the 

 weather ; if the heat prevails so as to keep the sap flowing, every healthy graft, 

 well fitted, will succeed ; if not, they may perish before the sap rises. 



669 in p. 297. A species of grafting I think you have not noticed may be dano- 

 minated bud-grafting, and is the best for most evergreens, as daphnes, &c. When 

 the stock has begun to grow vigorously cut the head off, and, making an incision in 

 the bark a few inches down, open it on both sides, the same as for budding ; prepare 

 the graft without a tongue, and insert the lower part as you would a bud, leaving 

 the herbaceous growing top green above. Soft succulent evergreens in which the 

 bark opens freely will do better in this way than any other. 



696 in p. 308. Much of the success of budding depends on the stock and bud 

 growing vigorously, to supply the juices or cambium causing the union to take 

 place ; and allowing the bark to separate easily from the wood, so as to prevent 

 laceration and bruising of the vessels in separating them. If the bark does not fly 

 up freely from the stock, when the handle of the knife is inserted, it is not likely 

 the bud will succeed ; and the same if the shield of the bud does not part freely 

 from its wood ; if either of them has commenced ripening, or if the sap has not 

 begun to run or flow, the labour will be in vain. In order to insure the cut being 

 smooth, and no laceration of the bark of the shield taking place, the best of all 

 methods (especially for such barks as the cherry and plum, which will not bear 

 handling, and are very apt to spoil) is to mark the size of the shield intended, all 

 round the bud with the point of the knife, cutting into the wood, and then intro- 

 ducing the thumb at the side of the bud, and raising it off with a gentle squeeze. 

 If the shoot is growing vigorously, it will spring out, without any difficulty, so clean 

 and smooth on the edges, as greatly to facilitate the success of the operation. By 

 the common method, if the bark is much handled, the shield of the bud is apt to be 

 spoiled at the edges before insertion. 



703 in p. 311. In transplanting deciduous trees before the leaves are fallen, it 

 is found in practice that the shoots are not ripened, and die back often to a consi- 

 derable distance, in the same manner as if the leaves had been destroyed by early 

 frost. The young fibres, also, will protrude spongioles more quickly in the spring 



