APPENDIX. 71 1 



from a wound neglected or a diseased state of the blood or constitution, so likewise, 

 in plants, the same disease may be brought about by different causes ; as in the 

 analogous fungoid disease of mildew on the leaves, which, it appears, may be brought 

 on by excess of moisture or excess of drought, producing a diseased state of the 

 stomata of the leaf, and a nidus for the fungus. 



1168, in p. 549. If the system of training noticed in this section, or something 

 like it, were more generally practised, there would be less need to complain of 

 breast- wood. On standard trees there is no occasion to go through forms of pruning 

 to produce spurs ; and, if the side branches were more encouraged in wall- trees, 

 we should have shorter shoots and natural spurs, and the tree would be kept full 

 of young wood to the centre, from the abundance of young shoots to renew any 

 that were getting naked. There should be greater distance between the leading 

 shoots, and abundance of side shoots laid in to fill the wall ; though they might not 

 nil be got mathematically arranged, the system of leaves and roots would be better 

 balanced, the continual excitement to produce which causes the great abundance of 

 breast- wood. If the greater part of this were nailed in, the tendency to produce 

 fresh breast-wood next year would be checked, and the tree become fruitful on the 

 small branches ; better fruit would be produced ; and the tree being fnll of young 

 wood, any part of it could be renovated at pleasure. 



1214, in p. 561. The Glenton Green, Manchester Red, Hedgehog, and Honey 

 varieties, are worth adding to this section. 



1217, in p. 562. Lancashire Lad is the best bearer and best flavoured here 

 better with us than the most of them you name, and deserves a star. Shakspeare, 

 Sir Francis Burdett, Triumphant, Foxhunter, Grand Turk, and Tarragon, among 

 the reds ; Rattlesnake, Sally Gunner, Scorpion, Prince of Orange, China Orange, 

 and Yellow Lion, among the yellows ; Favourite, Bang Europe, Lord Crewe, 

 and Troubler, among the greens ; Lily of the Valley, Bonny Lass, White Lion, 

 Sheba Queen, and Sally Miller, among the whites, and not in your lists, have 

 been all proven here of great value both for bearing and eating. Some with 

 higher pretensions, which have come out later, are not proven yet. 



1223, in p. 565. Having been much troubled with caterpillars on our goose- 

 berry stools in the nursery, we have tried lime, soda, potash, salt, soap-suds, and 

 tobacco. The tobacco infusion will kill them, but is very apt to injure the foliage ; 

 the salt has the same fault, but we could not perceive that it or any of the 

 others had much effect ; when the lime was put on, however, they crowded away, 

 twisted together like a cable-rope, down the stem, as fast as they could, and took 

 the direction for the nearest bush, at an angle, as they were planted in the quin- 

 cunx form, and as straight as if they had been guided by a line. The hellebore 

 powder we found the most deadly of any, and it does no injury to the leaves. When 

 it is long kept, or has got damp, it is apt to lose its pungency, and will do no good ; 

 but if in the pungent, acrid state of fresh-ground powder, which may be known 

 by its effect on the nostrils, it will not fail to kill all the caterpillars it reaches. 

 They are on the under side of the leaf, and the applications tell best when thrown 

 upwards. We prefer to throw it upwards in the state of dry powder, by the finger 

 and thumb : a small quantity, like a pinch of snuff, if dry, flies off like vapour 

 from the fingers, and may thus be directed where any are seen, the shoots being 

 held up to expose the back of the leaf ; there is least waste of powder in this way 

 when the caterpillars are not very plenty. Others throw it up with a puff-bellows, 

 the mouth round, like a dredge-box ; and others dust it on from above with a 



