PLATE IV. 



BUACHE'S CARTE PHYSIQUE, 1754. 



This physiographic map is intended to show, in the terms of its title, " the most 

 elevated lands of the western part of Canada, in which are seen the new discovei'ies 

 of the French officers west of lake Superior, with the rivers and lakes of which M. 

 Jeremie speaks in the Hudson Bay report." It was constructed by Buache about 

 1754. In this, as in other early maps, Mille Lacs is confounded with Red lake under 

 the double designation, "Rouge ou Missisagaigan," and from it flow streams, one 

 going to the northwest under the name, " R. Rouge ou Mescouesipi," reaching lake 

 Bourbon (Winnipeg), and the other toward the south, which, though unnamed, can 

 be no other than Rum river, as it reaches the Mississippi above the mouth of the St. 

 Croix river. The source of the " R. St. Pierre," or the Minnesota river, is represented 

 to be in the lake of the Tintons (Big Stone lake), i, e., in the region of the Tintonwan, 

 a Sioux tribe long resident on the upper waters of the Minnesota. " R. du Fond du 

 Lac " is the St. Louis river, and the " Nalouagan " is the Pigeon river. Fort Frances 

 is here called " Fort St. Pierre." Rainy lake is called " Lac Tecamemiouon ou de la 

 Pluie." Lake of the Woods is called " L. Minouiltacou ou des Bois." The " Moingona " 

 river is now the Des Moines. The " Riviere de 1'Ouest," entering the " Mer de POuest," 

 with the village "Quivera" at its mouth, were evidently intended to represent the 

 limit of geographical knowledge in that direction. "Quivera" was thus on the 

 Pacific coast, the long mountain range being the Rocky mountains. N. H. w. 



