SOUTH PART OF ST. LOUIS COUNTY, 1899. N. H. WINCHELL. 



carried westward by the Lake Superior ice-lobe, is evident from the copper-colored 

 drift seen along the upper waters of the St. Louis, below Embarras lakes, where a 

 red, pebbly clay is the last drift deposit. At the mouth of the East Savanne river 

 it is red laminated clay. Red drift, in a general morainic form, continues thence 

 southwestwardly on the east side of the Mississippi, south of Sandy lake and north 

 of Jake Mille Lacs, to the mouth of the Pine river, in Cass county. This moraine is 

 crossed, or trenched, at least, by the Mississippi between Pine river and the French 

 rapids, a short distance above Brainerd. The Mississippi river and its northern tribu- 

 taries were more or less dammed back by this moraine, causing lake Aitkin, described 

 by Mr. Upham at Aitkin (Plate LVII). It also appears that the Mississippi was 

 forced into a general southwestward direction, between Sandy lake and the mouth 

 of the Crow Wing river, by this ice-lobe. 



The region covered by lake Upham is still one of extensive swamp, with much 

 peat. Its beach lines have not been traced out, and it is quite likely they cannot be 

 continuously located, owing to the fluctuating level which the lake probably main- 

 tained. N. H. w. 



